The Journal of craniofacial surgery
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The purpose of this study was to compare the use of molding helmet therapy in the treatment of positional brachycephaly and posterior positional plagiocephaly. Four hundred twenty-eight children with positional brachycephaly or plagiocephaly were included in this study. In this group of patients, 132 (32%) were treated with positioning alone. ⋯ Overall, the children with posterior plagiocephaly normalized their head shapes; however, the head shapes of the children with positional brachycephaly did not normalize despite statistically significant improvements in their Cephalic Index. It is concluded that molding helmet therapy is an effective treatment of position-induced head shape abnormalities. Helmet therapy is more effective in children with posterior positional plagiocephaly than in children with positional brachycephaly.
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The aim of this study is to elucidate precisely the cutaneous distribution of the infraorbital nerve. Ten hemifaces of five Korean adult cadavers (2 males and 3 females) were subjected to the dissection. The cutaneous branches of the infraorbital nerve were distributed over the infraorbital area, which bounds on superiorly the lower eyelid margin, inferiorly the horizontal line crossing the mouth corners, medially 0.5 cm to midline, and laterally 2 cm lateral to the temporal canthus of the eyes. ⋯ The mean area of the superior labial branch was 13.1 cm2 (range, 11.2-14.3 cm2) and broader than either the 7.5 cm2 (range, 6.6-8.8 cm2) of the lower palpebral branch or the 7.6 cm2 (range, 6.7-9.3 cm2) of the external nasal branch. The external nasal branch was overlapped with the lower palpebral and superior labial branch, but the last two branches do not overlap each other. The nonoverlapped branch of the infraorbital nerve exhibits a restricted anesthesia, but the overlapped branch sustains sensory perception to some extent when being damaged.