Acta histochemica
-
Comparative Study
Effects of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on spinal ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in complete Freund's adjuvant-injected rat.
We investigated expressional changes of spinal glutamate receptors by electroacupuncture (EA) in an inflammatory animal model. Inflammation was induced by an intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hindpaw of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Bilateral EA stimulation at 2, 15 and 120 Hz was applied at those acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man using needles with 3-day intervals for 30 days. ⋯ N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR-1 and NR-2A) expression was attenuated in all regions of the dorsal horn by all types of EA. Of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (GluR-1 and -2/3), only GluR-1 expression was prevented by EA treatment in the superficial laminae and the neck of the dorsal horn. It is concluded that EA treatment can attenuate inflammatory edema and mechanical thresholds in CFA-injected rats through modulating expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors, and especially N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
-
The benefit of publishing research in English is obvious, but so is the problem: authors with a limited knowledge of English find it difficult to compete with their proficient colleagues. In this note, we offer suggestions for improving the English of papers in the biological sciences. The suggestions aim to help authors enhance writing skills, are based on our experiences as language correctors and do not appear in major guides to scientific writing. We also argue for the need for regular publication of language tips in the pages of science journals.