Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral
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Childhood obesity is a recognized public health problem. The present work reports the changing prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity in Spanish boys and girls over the period 1993-2011, and examines the risk factors apparent in 2011. ⋯ The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Spain increased over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: According to the 2011 data, children who undertook no physical activity, or whose parents/guardians had a low level of education, showed the highest prevalence of obesity.
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Newborn infants and small children require large amounts of calcium and phosphate in a low volume of solution which can increase the risk of precipitation of calcium phosphate. Calcium gluconate is the predominant calcium salt form employed in parenteral nutrition (PN) compounding due to its solubility profile with phosphate. Unfortunately, calcium gluconate contains higher levels of aluminum contamination than calcium chloride, resulting in an increased potential for aluminum toxicity in patients receiving traditional PN. The physicochemical stability of 30 total parenteral admixtures containing inorganic calcium salts was evaluated. ⋯ Despite the presence of inorganic calcium salts, pediatric parenteral admixtures were stable up to eight days of storage. Due to presence of multiple components and a high risk of incompatibilities, physicochemical studies should be performed for each admixture before use in clinical practice.
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Multicenter Study
[Spanish multicenter study: hyperammonemia not associated with inborn errors of metabolism in children].
The hyperammonemic encephalopathy induced by causes different from inborn errors of metabolism is a relatively uncommon but severe complication. ⋯ This study suggests that secondary hyperammonemia could be underdiagnosed because it is only detected when severe symptoms appear. Risk seems to be higher in those patients receiving antiepileptic drugs or those critically ill with a restricted diet or incremented metabolism. The response to specific treatment is adequate but should be established earlier to avoid neurological sequelae of this entity.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Underfeeding versus full enteral feeding in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Although guidelines emphasize that the provision of enteral nutrition (EN) should be as close as the patient's needs, prospective studies question this strategy. ⋯ This meta-analysis found no differences in ICU and overall mortality, ICU and hospital LOS, duration of MV, and infectious complications between underfeeding and full-feeding. The subgroup analysis showed lower overall mortality among patients receiving moderate underfeeding. This result should be cautiously interpreted due to the limitations of the small number of studies analyzed and their methodology.
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Multicenter Study
Estimating the prevalence of phenotypes in patients with pulmonary obstructive disease. ADEPOCLE study
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypes in the province of Leon. Methods: Multicenter epidemiological cross-sectional study (30 health centers in the province of Leon). It included patients older than 35 years diagnosed and treated for COPD. Study variables: age, sex, habitat, anthropometric data, smoking, postbronchodilator spirometry, dyspnea (mMRC), exacerbations, severity (Bodex Index), hospitalization, treatment, monitoring and characterization of the phenotype (GesEOPC 2014). ⋯ The exacerbator phenotype with emphysema have 5.7 exacerbations, 2.8 hospitalitations and 3.1 drugs prescribed/year. The FMEA have an average of 5 exacerbations, 1 hospitalitation and 2.6 prescribed drugs/year, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The clinical phenotypes are postulated as prognostic and therapeutic targets. Knowing its prevalence enables personalized treatment planning and better reallocation of resources for control and monitoring of COPD.