Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral
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The use of enteral nutrition (EN) in the critically-ill patient makes necessary to evaluate its effectiveness and impact on achieving the target requirements. Gastrically administered EN has a high complication rate, especially increased residue that leads to hyponutrition. The use of the small bowel (jejunum) may achieve greater administered volume, although there are three aspects that directly influence on its use: intestinal access route, motility and absorptive capability, and barrier function. ⋯ Among the hypothesis trying to explain systemic infection and multiorgan failure (MOF), there is precisely anatomical and functional integrity of the intestinal mucosa. Mucosal impairment with increased IP has been shown in burn patients, polytrauma, major surgery, hematopoietic cell transplantation, and sepsis, although its relationship with bacterial translocation has not clearly been established. Before the evidences that link the GIT with MOF, the monitoring methods aimed at early correction of splaenic hypoperfusion focus on the mechanisms implicated in increased IP.
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Metformin is a biguanide extensively used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Between the nocive effects of the metformin emphasizes tha lactic acidosis because of its low frecuency but potential severity. The diagnosis of the poisoning due to metformin is based on the coexistence of lactic acidosis and one or more of the risk factors. The development of lactic acidosis in metformin poisoning is associated to a range of 50-80% of mortality.
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To determine the relationship between adding glutamine dipeptides to parenteral nutrition (PN) and morbimortality in the critically ill patient. ⋯ In critically ill patients, adding glutamine to PN leads to quicker recovery and lower incidence of hyperglycemia and renal failure. In view of these results, adding glutamine to PN of particular patients is an effective measure to speed up their recovery and avoid certain complications.
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Comparative Study
[Quality of artificial nutritional support in an intensive care unit].
To assess what are the reasons for discrepancies between the amount of nutrients delivered, prescribed and theoretical requirements, in an intensive care unit. ⋯ In our ICU exists an important difference between the caloric theoretical requests and the quantity really delivered; this deficit is more clear in the enteral nutrition. The knowledge of this situation allows to take measures directed to optimizing the nutritional support of our patients. Possibly the motivation in the medical and nursery personnel in carrying out nutritional protocols it might be the most effective measurement, which it would be necessary to confirm in later studies.
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To asses the nutritional status of hospitalised trauma patients and the repercussion on the clinical follow up. ⋯ In the conditions of this study, malnutrition is frequent on admission in trauma patients, and is an independent risk factor for morbidity, mortality, and prolongs the length of hospitalisation. Efforts should be made to quickly assess the nutritional status of these patients and early start nutritional intervention.