Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral
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The aim of this study was to investigate factors that may affect the evolution of the caloric prescription in critically ill patients. Local: Intensive care unit patients. ⋯ Early nutritional support and success on the evolution of the caloric prescription can be accomplished in most critically ill patients. Evolution of the caloric prescription was slower in mechanical ventilated patients.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Multicenter study on incidence of total parenteral nutrition complications in the critically-ill patient. ICOMEP study. Part II].
To assess enteral nutrition complications in a prospective cohort of patients admitted to the ICU. ⋯ Gastrointestinal complications with enteral nutrition are frequent, result in insufficient caloric intake and definitive withdrawal of diet in a significant number of cases. Early enteral nutrition is not associated with an increased number of complications. Episodes of increase of the gastric residue do not increase the incidence of pneumonia. Other infectious complications are within the range of what has been published and seem to be little modified by the use of enteral nutrition.
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Comparative Study
[The year 2002 national registry on home-based enteral nutrition].
To communicate the information available by the NADYA-SENPE Working Group from patients on Home Enteral Nutrition (HEN) in our country during the year 2002. ⋯ We found a persistence of these treatment in our country (96.5 patients/million inhabitants. Neurological and neoplasic diseases were the more frequent diagnosis in patients analysed. The high prevalence of cancer patients could be the main cause of oral access for enteral nutrition. Change of enteral tube was the more frequent complication observed during this treatment.
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Existing data about indication and time of onset of nutritional support are not homogeneous. However, the presence of a deterioration of the nutritional status is accompanied by harmful effects so that, broadly speaking, specialized nutritional support onset would be advisable if a fasting period longer than 5-7 days is foreseen. ⋯ Enteral nutrition should be started early on (within the first 36 hours of admission). Although transpyloric nutrients administration may however reduce bronchoaspiration and increase the diet effective volume received by patients, there are no data for recommending routinary usage of the transpyloric route for nutritional support in the critically ill patients.
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Nutritional support in critically ill patients that present with acute renal failure has been a matter of change in recent years. This is due to the increasing and earlier use of extrarenal depuration techniques. Modifications in nutritional and metabolic support regimen aimed at preventing renal failure progression, classically recommended, would not have an indication in these situations but in cases not treated with one of these depurative techniques. ⋯ However, the relationship between substrates flow through dialysis membranes and its effect on nutrients demands has not been fully established yet. It is likely that an increase in nutrients intake may be necessary to counteract the obliged loss by depurative techniques. The other way around, the role of these techniques as an appropriate way for nutritional support in critically ill patients remains to be studied.