Neuroreport
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intensity-dependent effects of transcranial pulsed current stimulation on interhemispheric connectivity: a high-resolution qEEG, sham-controlled study.
Defining optimal parameters for stimulation is a critical step in the development of noninvasive neuromodulation techniques. Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) is emerging as another option in the field of neuromodulation; however, little is known about its mechanistic effects on electrical brain activity and how it can modulate its oscillatory patterns. The aim of this study was to identify the current intensity needed to exert an effect on quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) measurements. ⋯ There were no group differences for adverse effects and participants could not guess correctly whether they received active versus sham stimulation. On the basis of our results, we conclude that tPCS is associated with an intensity-dependent facilitatory effect on interhemispheric connectivity. These results can guide future tPCS applications and will define its role as a neuromodulatory technique in the field.
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The prognostic value of the N-amino terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is uncertain. We sought to determine whether NT-proBNP levels were associated with functional outcomes after AIS. From August 2012 to October 2013, consecutive first-ever AIS patients admitted to the Department of Emergency of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, China, were included in this study. ⋯ Plasma levels of NT-proBNP in patients with an unfavorable outcome were significantly higher than those in patients with a favorable outcome [3432 (interquartile range, 1100-54991) vs. 978 (interquartile range, 123-1705) pg/ml; P=0.000]. In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for all other significant outcome predictors, the NT-proBNP level that remained can be seen as an independent unfavorable outcome predictor, with an adjusted odds ratios of 4.14 (95% confidence interval, 2.72-7.99; P=0.000). Our results show that plasma NT-proBNP levels were significantly elevated in patients with an unfavorable outcome and might be of clinical importance as a supplementary tool for the assessment of functional outcomes in patients with AIS.