Neuroreport
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To explore alterations in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in response to levetiracetam (LEV) treatment in patients with migraine. Patients with migraine (N=14) were treated with LEV for 12 weeks. The levels of GABA+ in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were examined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy before (baseline) and after treatment. ⋯ ACC/mPFC GABA+ was assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in eight patients with migraine. LEV had no significant effect on GABA+ levels in the ACC/mPFC region. The decreased GABA+ levels after LEV treatment in patients with migraine suggest that GABA is a migraine biomarker.
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This study aims to identify and characterize neurobiological markers for major depressive disorder (MDD) from resting-state brain functional MRI. We examined the abnormality in the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder (fMDD), and remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and correlated these fluctuations with clinical markers of MDD. We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed the medical records of 43 patients with fMDD. ⋯ The temporal gyrus may play a critical role in depressive symptomatology. Abnormal right fusiform gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus alterations were present only in patients with rMDD but not in patients with fMDD, indicating that these alterations may be a therapeutic target for MDD. Abnormal right supramarginal, right precuneus, right lingual gyrus and left superior frontal lobe alterations were present only in patients with rMDD and not in healthy control, and thus may be used as a state marker of MDD.