Neuroreport
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To reveal functional heterogeneity among GABAergic interneurones in rat neostriatum, we investigated: (1) whether nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- and calretinin-immunoreactive cells, like parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells, were also immunoreactive for 67 kD glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and GABA; (2) whether NOS cells, calretinin cells and parvalbumin cells belonged to separate populations or not. NOS cells, calretinin cells and parvalbumin cells all showed immunoreactivity for GAD67 in colchicine-treated rats. ⋯ Only a few cells (0-3%) showed immunoreactivity for two antigens. These results suggest that the neostriatum has at least three GABAergic interneuronal systems.
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In this study we used cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) as an experimental model to analyse the effects of Bio-normalizer (BN, a naturally fermented health food product) on reactive oxygen species related changes in different brain regions of gerbils. Pre-administration of BN solutions (0.1% and 1%) for 45 days produced a significant reduction in IRI-mediated increase in membrane lipid peroxidation, as shown by the decreased carbon-centred radicals and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in several brain regions including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus and the striatum. BN however has no effect on the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity.
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The aim of the present study was to determine whether CCK released from the small intestine during a meal acts as a satiety factor. The effects of the novel CCKA antagonist A70104 (50-200 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) were investigated on operant food intake in 4 h food-deprived pigs. ⋯ However, pretreatment of the pigs with A70104 (100 micrograms kg-1) did block the inhibitory effect of exogenous CCK (1 microgram kg-1, i.v.) on operant feeding. These results thus question the validity of the hypothesis that endogenous peripheral CCK acts as a satiety factor.
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Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of at least some brain sites is thought to be mediated by mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons. However other ICSS sites, especially those in the medial prefrontal cortex (MFC), have been shown to be relatively insensitive to drugs (e.g. amphetamine, neuroleptics) that alter DA synaptic transmission. ⋯ Cocaine also increased rates of responding for MFC but not MFB ICSS. These data provide additional support for the view that the MFC contributes to the rewarding effects of cocaine.