Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis
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Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis · Aug 1992
Case ReportsHaemostatic effects in vivo after snakebite by the red-necked keelback (Rhabdophis subminiatus).
We describe a patient who developed a severe coagulopathy after being bitten by a red-necked keelback snake (Rhabdophis subminiatus), a species which is generally considered non-venomous. The patient's blood was incoagulable due to complete depletion of fibrinogen. ⋯ The fibrinolysis was secondary to intravascular fibrin formation; there were no indications for a direct fibrinogenolytic activity in the snake toxin. Remarkably, there was virtually no consumption of antithrombin III, despite extensive thrombin formation; this feature appears to be not uncommon after snake bites, but is still unexplained.
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Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis · Aug 1992
Case ReportsThrombolysis using consecutive high dose bolus and infusion of alteplase in a patient with acute massive pulmonary embolism.
We describe the successful use of a novel dosage regimen of alteplase in a 77-year-old man with massive acute pulmonary embolism in the presence of a relative contraindication (recent cranial surgery). An intravenous alteplase bolus of 50 mg was administered, followed 40 min later by a 50 mg infusion over 2 h. Pulmonary arteriography showed a considerable increase in intraluminal filling of thrombotically occluded vessels as a result of alteplase administration, and was accompanied by marked clinical improvement. ⋯ Detailed monitoring of haemostasis parameters showed elevated endogenous fibrinolytic activity at baseline, very high levels of fibrin degradation products during treatment resulting from lysis of an extensive thrombus mass, moderate fibrinogenolysis compared to fibrinolysis, long plasma half-lives of fibrin(ogen) degradation products (9.2-11.0 h), and increased thrombin generation. There were no bleeding side-effects. The regimen combines the advantages of rapid onset (bolus) and maintained potency (infusion) of thrombolytic effect in pulmonary embolism.
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Significant postoperative bleeding following open-heart surgery is often ascribed to the so-called heparin 'rebound' phenomenon and as such is treated with additional empiric doses of protamine sulphate. However, inappropriate protamine administration has been reported to be associated with acute pulmonary hypertension. The efficacy of heparin reversal was investigated in 42 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. ⋯ Twenty-four hour postoperative bleeding in these patients did not differ significantly from that seen in patients who did not exhibit heparin rebound. Similarly, the thrombelastographic profiles (at 15 min and 2 h post-operation) and coagulation screen (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, activated clotting time and platelets) did not differ significantly from those of non-rebound patients. The significance, if any, of the phenomenon of heparin rebound following cardiac surgery remains to be elucidated, and, until such time, conservative administration of protamine in response to 'rebound' is recommended.
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Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis · Feb 1992
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialExploration of rapid bedside monitoring of coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters during thrombolytic therapy.
Monitoring coagulation parameters during thrombolytic therapy could be useful for prediction and treatment of haemorrhagic episodes. Technology based on dry reagent chemistry has been developed that allows rapid (less than 10 min) assays on small samples of whole blood. The assay principle is based on the restriction of motion of paramagnetic particles during fibrin polymerization, and subsequent liberation of particle motion during fibrinolysis. ⋯ Fibrinogen estimates, obtained by COAG-2 also correlated well with modified Clauss assays (r = 0.86, p = 0.0001). The rapid determination of the aPTT may improve management of adjunctive anticoagulant therapy following thrombolysis. The fibrinolysis profile may be useful during thrombolytic therapy to verify that a lytic state has been achieved, to monitor the lytic state throughout therapy, and to verify that the lytic state normalizes once therapy has been completed.
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Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis · Dec 1991
Case ReportsTreatment of the severe bleeding episode in type III von Willebrand's disease by simultaneous administration of cryoprecipitate and platelet concentrate.
A severe, life-threatening bleeding episode in a 24-year-old woman suffering from type III von Willebrand's disease was treated by large doses of cryoprecipitate with unsatisfactory results. Bleeding ceased and the bleeding time normalized only after concomitant administration of platelet concentrates. In the treatment of von Willebrand's disease patients possessing platelets with absent or insufficient von Willebrand factor activity the administration of plasma concentrates together with platelets appears to be justified.