The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation
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J. Heart Lung Transplant. · Aug 1997
Study of muscular and ventricular function in dynamic cardiomyoplasty: a ten-year follow-up.
The basic physiologic principle underlying cardiomyoplasty is long-term electrostimulation of a latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) wrapped around the heart to obtain a phasic activity that could be integrated with ventricular kinetics. The aim of cardiomyoplasty is to prolong survival and to improve the quality of life of patients with severe chronic and irreversible myocardial failure by improving systolic contraction and correcting diastolic dysfunction. ⋯ Our 10-year clinical experience demonstrates that cardiomyoplasty increases ejection fraction, improves functional class, and ameliorates quality of life. Ventricular volumes and diameters remain stable long term. LDM structure is maintained long term if electrostimulation is performed avoiding excessive myostimulation. Patient selection is the most important determinant for early and late outcome. Late death in patients undergoing cardiomyoplasty is principally due to sudden death. Our future aim is to incorporate a cardioverter-defibrillator in the cardiomyostimulator, thus improving long-term results. Cardiomyoplasty may delay or prevent end-stage heart failure and the need for heart transplantation.
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J. Heart Lung Transplant. · Aug 1997
"Refractoriness" of airflow obstruction associated with isolated lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis in pulmonary allografts.
The clinical significance of an isolated "lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis" (grade B) as detected in transbronchoscopic biopsy specimens (TBB) is unclear. We therefore have reviewed the spirometric responses associated with isolated grade B diagnoses and contrasted them with episodes of "acute cellular rejection" (grade A); the latter are manifested by "perivascular lymphocytic infiltration." Because lymphocytic bronchiolitis/ bronchitis is considered a nonspecific histologic pattern that may be observed with either allograft rejection or respiratory infections, episodes were analyzed with respect to the presence (grade B [+] CMV) or absence (grade B [-] CMV) of cytomegalovirus infection. The maximum forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) during the preceding 3 months was used as a baseline for computing percent change in FEV1 coincident with transbronchoscopic biopsies (delta %FEV1 PRE) and maximum values obtained during the 3 months subsequent to specific therapies (delta %FEV1 POST). ⋯ We conclude that the relative "refractoriness" of histologic grade B most likely reflects a continuum of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation and, hence, may warrant different immunosuppressive strategies. Furthermore, spirometric decrement associated with acute cellular rejection (grade A) may be ameliorated, but often not completely reversed, after pulsed methylprednisolone. We speculate that surveillance TBB may prove rewarding by enabling an earlier detection of these histologic diagnoses before the development of physiologic impairment.