Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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High core body temperatures have been shown to selectively damage the cerebellum and basal ganglia in malignant hyperthermia, but involvement of both areas in neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has not been described. ⋯ Both the basal ganglia and cerebellum can be injured selectively in NMS.
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Diagnosis of tibial neuropathy has been traditionally based on clinical examination and electrodiagnostic studies; however, cross-sectional imaging modalities have been used to increase the diagnostic accuracy and provide anatomic mapping of the abnormalities. In this context, magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) offers high-resolution imaging of the tibial nerve (TN), its branches and the adjacent soft tissues, and provides an objective assessment of the neuromuscular anatomy, abnormality, and the surrounding pathology. This review describes the pathologies affecting the TN and illustrates their respective 3 Tesla (T) MRN appearances with relevant case examples.
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Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging (FLAIR) has been suggested as a surrogate marker of lesion age in acute ischemic stroke. In a subgroup analysis, we evaluated whether the extent of perfusion deficit influences FLAIR lesion visibility and thus plays a role as a confounding variable in the interpretation of FLAIR images. ⋯ Visibility of FLAIR lesions in acute stroke imaging is influenced by lesion size and time from symptom onset to MRI, but not by the amount of perfusion deficit calculated by time-to-peak (TTP) measurements.
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Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a recently defined inflammatory central nervous system disorder responsive to steroids with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. We report a 69-year-old man presenting with gait ataxia with the characteristic MRI features of CLIPPERS and describe the clinical, MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) follow-up after treatment with glucocorticosteroids. Brain and spine MRI showed punctate enhancement peppering the brainstem, cerebellar peduncles, and upper cervical cord. ⋯ Treatment with steroids led to rapid clinical improvement. Repeat MRI and MRS showed complete resolution of gadolinium-enhancing lesions and recovery of NAA/Cr levels in the pons and thalami. After 1 month of tapering oral steroids, weekly oral methotrexate was started and the patient has remained stable for the past 6 months.
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As magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) sonothrombolysis relies on mechanical rather than thermal mechanisms to achieve clot lysis, thermometry is not useful for the intraoperative monitoring of clot breakdown by MRgFUS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum imaging sequence for sonothrombolysis. ⋯ T2 is the most appropriate sequence for the evaluation of mechanical MRgFUS sonothrombolysis of an in vitro clot. These findings are consistent across the oxidative states of clot up to 48 hours.