Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A Novel Semiautomated Pipeline to Measure Brain Atrophy and Lesion Burden in Multiple Sclerosis: A Long-Term Comparative Study.
Lesion burden and brain volume changes are frequent end points in research but nowadays are becoming important in the clinical practice of multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures obtained by in-house developed ScanView software and commonly used volumetric techniques for assessment of T2 lesion and whole brain volumes and their changes. ⋯ We found relatively strong correlations of cross-sectional and longitudinal data obtained by both techniques. However, SIENA showed lower intraindividual variability than the ScanView method in measuring whole brain volume loss over time.
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A wide variety of conditions may involve the splenium of the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging in children. A single cause may present with different patterns of splenial involvement, and multiple diseases may have similar imaging findings. Keeping this limitation in mind, the goal of this text is to assist in the diagnostic process of pediatric neurological diseases that are characterized by prominent involvement of the splenium of the corpus callosum on imaging. ⋯ Transient splenial lesions in children are an uncommon radiologic finding of unknown etiology in a long list of conditions that may present with altered consciousness, and it usually carries a favorable prognosis. The discussion continues with the presentation of diseases inflicting irreversible damage on the splenium. Familiarity with the various causes implicated in splenial injury may assist in the formulation of differential diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting using an easily recognizable imaging finding.
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Intra-arterial recanalization postprocedural imaging in stroke patients can result in diagnostic complications due to hyperdensities on noncontrast computed tomography (CT), which may represent either contrast extravasation or intracranial hemorrhage. If these lesions are hemorrhage, then they are risk factors becoming symptomatic, which, if not distinguished, can alter clinical management. We investigate the effects of iodinated contrast on postprocedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prevalence of equivocal imaging interpretations of postprocedural extravasated contrast versus hemorrhage while identifying protocol pitfalls. ⋯ MRI done within 48 hours postprocedure can lead to false positive hemorrhage or false negative contrast extravasation interpretations in stroke patients possibly due to effects from the administered angiographic contrast. Additionally, MRI should be done both after 72 hours for confirmation and without gadolinium contrast as the effects of the gadolinium contrast and residual angiographic contrast could lead to misdiagnosis.
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The susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is related to thrombus location, composition, and size in acute stroke. No previous study has determined its inter-MRI scanner variability. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy in-vitro of four different MRI scanners for the characterization of histologic thrombus composition. ⋯ The diagnostic accuracy of SVS to determine thrombus composition varies significantly among MRI scanners. Normalization of T2*sequences between scanners may be needed to better predict thrombus composition in multicenter studies.
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Glutamate levels may be informative about the declining neuronal health in the central nervous system. We used an advanced proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) protocol composed of semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) localization and FAST(EST)MAP shimming for detection of alterations in brain glutamate concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. ⋯ The advanced sLASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming is a promising protocol for identifying glutamate alterations. Advanced 1 H-MRS protocols may add to the understanding of early Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology through detection of glutamate concentration in posterior cingulate gyri of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.