Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Ventricular enlargement in elderly raises a challenging differential diagnosis to physicians. While Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) constitutes a potentially reversible syndrome. iNPH has a unique pathophysiology pertaining to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and periventricular white matter. We aimed to determine the effects of iNPH on periventricular white matter bundles and to further characterize its ventricular and sulcal CSF distribution by using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and CSF volumetrics on high resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data. ⋯ Combined microstructural (DTT) and macrostructural (ventricular volume) changes is a promising radiological approach in studying ventriculomegaly. Automated estimation of the disproportionate ventricular and sulcal CSF ratio in patients presenting with ventriculomegaly may be important as radiologic markers in differentiating iNPH from other causes of ventriculomegaly.
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Early ischemic changes on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) are often subtle. We developed a novel postprocessing technique that aids in detecting such changes. ⋯ In this proof-of-concept study, the rNCCT appears promising for detecting and quantifying early ischemic changes. These findings should be confirmed in a larger cohort.
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Although femoral neuropathy is recognized as an adverse consequence following transfemoral neuroendovascular procedures, no reliable estimates are available. We analyzed data from a prospective registry to ascertain the frequency and characteristics of femoral neuropathy following transfemoral neuroendovascular procedures. ⋯ Femoral neuropathy is a rare occurrence following transfemoral neuroendovascular procedures and it usually occurs with pure sensory manifestations with complete resolution.
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Timely restoration of tissue-level cerebral blood flow is the goal of thrombolytic therapy in patients presenting with an acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to identify the incidence and predictors of reperfusion immediately following treatment with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA). ⋯ Early reperfusion was found in a substantial percentage of the patients treated with IV rt-PA. It was more common in patients without LVO.
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Congenital cerebrovascular anomalies in the pediatric age group are myriad with diverse etiologies. The purpose of this paper is to provide an imaging overview of congenital vascular malformations and vascular tumors, as these conditions are varied and the characteristic vascular abnormality may even suggest the underlying systemic condition in helping to guide further management. For example, the identification of an arterial anomaly such as agenesis/hypoplasia/duplication may warrant further evaluation for an associated syndrome. ⋯ An accurate description of vascular lesions is critical for understanding the natural history of the disease process and ultimately for guiding treatment. An important example of this includes Sturge-Weber syndrome, which is often incorrectly viewed as an arteriovenous malformation, but actually a type of venous malformation. Another example which is important to recognize includes the differentiation between an infantile hemangioma and a vascular malformation, particularly as the course of the pathology and the treatment is so different between the two.