Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Pediatric arteriopathies are increasingly recognized in school-aged children with a variety of presenting symptoms ranging from headache, seizures, encephalopathy, and neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as focal neurologic deficits due to acute ischemic strokes. However, unlike the adult stroke population, there are differences in the clinical manifestations, the stroke mechanism, and risk factors in pediatric ischemic stroke. There has been increasing awareness and recognition of pediatric cerebral arteriopathies as a predominant stroke etiology. ⋯ Based on predominant vessels involved and clinical symptoms, these arteriopathies can be broadly divided into two categories: large-medium size arteriopathies and small vessel arteriopathies. Each category can be further divided into inflammatory and noninflammatory according to their etiologies. The ability to distinguish between inflammatory and noninflammatory etiologies carries major prognostic implications for acute management and secondary stroke prevention as well as screening for systemic complications and counseling.
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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in several cognitive processes including executive function. Degenerative changes of ACC are consistently seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, volumetric changes specific to the ACC in AD are not clear because of the difficulty in segmenting this region. The objectives of the current study were to develop a precise and high-throughput approach for measuring ACC volumes and to correlate the relationship between ACC volume and cognitive function in AD. ⋯ Our results indicate that the proposed semiautomated segmentation protocol is reliable for determining ACC volume in neurodegenerative conditions including AD.
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Mechanical thrombectomy has been shown to be effective for acute stroke treatment, but lesions of cerebral vessels can develop thereafter. Such lesions of recanalized vessels and altered cerebral hemodynamics after mechanical thrombectomy are poorly investigated. In particular for neurosonography, data are sparse. We aimed to describe hemodynamic changes and incidence of de-novo stenosis after mechanical thrombectomy with neurosonography. ⋯ Sonographic incidence of de-novo stenosis following mechanical thrombectomy seems to be low, in line with prior angiographic studies. However, as measured by neurosonography, cerebral hemodynamic in the recanalized vessel is dynamic after thrombectomy. This result is of interest for further prospective analysis.
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There is a lack of consensus in the literature as to which body habitus parameter most influences nerve cross-sectional area (CSA). This study was specifically designed to determine if height or weight is more influential. ⋯ Weight was found to be the body habitus parameter that most influences nerve CSA. This will inform clinicians when using nerve imaging to evaluate participants at either extreme of weight.
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Assessment of the effects of microgravity on astronauts' brains using microstructural measures by utilizing quantitative MRI, before and after spaceflight would help understand the structural changes. ⋯ Gray and white matter alterations are detected by quantitative MRI before and after space flight. Our findings may be used to understand the neuroanatomical mechanisms of possible brain dysfunction or neuroplasticity in microgravity condition in the future studies.