Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Cavernous malformations (CMs) are benign vascular malformations that maybe seen anywhere in the central nervous system. They are dynamic lesions, growing or shrinking over time and only rarely remaining stable. Size varies from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. ⋯ Our purpose is to review the imaging features of CMs based on their size, location, and etiology, as well as their differential diagnosis and best imaging approach. New insights in etiology will be briefly considered. Follow-up strategies, including serum and imaging biomarkers, and treatment options will also be discussed.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque enhancement and long-term risk of future strokes: A prospective, longitudinal study.
The prognostic significance of postcontrast enhancement of intracranial atheromatous plaque is uncertain. Prospective, long-term follow-up studies in Caucasians, using a multicenter design, are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether this radiological sign predicts long-term new stroke in symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) patients. ⋯ High intracranial postcontrast enhancement is a long-term predictor of new stroke in ICAD patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether postcontrast enhancement reflects inflammatory activity of intracranial atheromatous plaque.
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The purpose was to explore the effects of transcutaneous trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on neurochemical concentrations (brainstem, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC], ventromedial prefrontal cortex [VMPFC], and the posterior cingulate cortex [PCC]) using ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ⋯ These data demonstrate that a single session of unilateral TNS slightly decreased tCr concentrations in the DLPFC region.
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In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron rim lesions (IRLs) are characterized by pronounced tissue matrix damage. The T1/T2-weighted (T1/T2w) ratio represents a postprocessing MRI approach to investigate tissue integrity, but studies investigating spinal cord pathology are missing until now. The aim of this study was to characterize tissue integrity using the T1/T2w ratio in lesions and the normal-appearing white and gray matter (NAWM, NAGM) in the spinal cord and brain in MS patients with and without brain IRLs. ⋯ IRLs constitute an imaging marker of disease severity. T1/T2w ratio maps represent an interesting technique to capture diffuse tissue properties. Calculation of T1/T2w ratio maps of the spinal cord might provide additional insights into the pathophysiological processes of MS.
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There are a few studies regarding intracranial findings in neonates with Noonan syndrome (NS); however, there are no quantitative analyses in a pediatric population. The aim of this study was to find characteristic intracranial abnormalities and to quantitatively analyze the posterior fossa and cranium base in children with NS. ⋯ Children with NS had characteristic callosal and tentorial findings and neuroimaging findings similar to other RASopathies. This study also shows that a small posterior fossa and flattening of the cranial base are present in children with NS, which may aid in diagnosis.