Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Transvascular water exchange plays a key role in the functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In white matter (WM), a variety of imaging modalities have demonstrated age-related changes in structure and metabolism, but the extent to which water exchange is altered remains unclear. Here, we investigated the cumulative effects of healthy aging on WM capillary water exchange. ⋯ Previous studies have shown that kpo tracks Na+ , K+ -ATPase activity-dependent water exchange at the BBB and likely reflects neurogliovascular unit (NGVU) coupled metabolic activity. The age-related decline in kpo observed here is consistent with compromised NGVU metabolism in older individuals and the dysregulated cellular bioenergetics that accompany normal brain aging.
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Differences in the microstructure of fronto-parietal white matter tracts have been associated with mathematical achievement. However, much of the supporting evidence relies on nonspecific diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, making it difficult to isolate the role of myelin in math ability. ⋯ Our results suggest that in typically developing youth, brain myelination contributes to individual differences in basic math achievement. In contrast, youth with learning challenges appear to have less capacity to leverage myelin to improve math achievement.
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CT-Based Classification of Acute Cerebral Edema: Association with Intracranial Pressure and Outcome.
Brain edema after acute cerebral lesions may lead to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and worsen outcome. Notwithstanding, no CT-based scoring system to quantify edema formation exists. This retrospective correlative analysis aimed to establish a valid and definite CT score quantifying brain edema after common acute cerebral lesions. ⋯ The proposed CT-based grading of extent of cerebral edema significantly correlated with ICP and outcome in TBI, SAH, and ICH patients and might be helpful for standardized description of CT-images and as parameter for clinical studies, for example, measuring effects of antiedematous therapies.
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Microcystic meningiomas (MM) are a distinctive, rare subtype of Grade I meningiomas with limited radiological descriptions. We intend to identify unique imaging phenotypes and seek radiopathological correlations. ⋯ We have elucidated varied neuroimaging features and highlighted pathological substrates of crucial imaging findings of MM. MM ought to be considered as an imaging possibility in an extra-axial lesion with a marked hypodensity on noncontrast computed tomography, markedly T2-hyperintense/T1-hypointense signal, and a storiform/reticular pattern on T2W/GdT1w//DWI.
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Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders that can be hard to distinguish clinically and radiologically. HDLS is a rare disorder compared to MS, which has led to occurrent misdiagnosis of HDLS as MS. That is problematic since their prognosis and treatment differ. Both disorders are investigated by MRI, which could help to identify patients with high probability of having HDLS, which could guide targeted genetic testing to confirm the HDLS diagnosis. ⋯ This study suggests that computer-assistance in combination with quantitative MRI may be helpful in aiding the challenging differential diagnosis of HDLS versus MS.