Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
-
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am · Nov 2009
ReviewCardiovascular disease in persons with spinal cord dysfunction-an update on select topics.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), yet little is known about the prevalence of the disorder and how risk factors for CVD, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, differ compared with the able-bodied population. Additionally, limb loss, an underappreciated topic in the setting of SCI, is a frequent complication of SCI, and may be related to CVD, either directly, as undiagnosed peripheral vascular disease, or indirectly, as a consequence of diabetes or obesity. This article briefly reviews the topics of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity in SCI and discusses the management of limb loss for individuals with SCI.
-
Approximately 2 million sports and recreation concussive injuries occur per year in the United States, which may be an underestimate because of inconsistent data reporting. The field of concussion management has evolved rapidly over the last 10 years, and with these advances comes new understanding of the significant symptomatic and cognitive impairments of concussion. ⋯ Data have emerged regarding pathophysiology of concussion, risk factors, outcome, effects of repetitive injury, subtypes of concussive injury, and treatment protocols. This evidence calls for more conservative management of concussion, particularly in younger athletes, and demonstrates the shortcomings of concussion guidelines.
-
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am · May 2008
ReviewRole of the adolescent preparticipation physical examination.
With the exception of Rhode Island, all states require high school athletes to undergo a preparticipation examination. These examinations may vary from state to state, however. This article covers the basics of the history, physical examination, special tests, and issues surrounding clearance for various diagnoses.
-
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am · May 2008
ReviewCommon injuries of the foot and ankle in the child and adolescent athlete.
A myriad problems in the foot and ankle are specific to child and adolescent athletes. The anatomy of young athletes with respect to the presence of a growth plate makes their injury patterns different from those seen in adults. The main general injury patterns seen in the feet and ankles of children are related to growth and development or occur from overuse syndromes or acute trauma. In this article we outline in an anatomically oriented manner most of the common problems in this population.
-
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am · Feb 2008
ReviewMusculoskeletal complications of neuromuscular disease in children.
A wide variety of neuromuscular diseases affect children, including central nervous system disorders such as cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury; motor neuron disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy; peripheral nerve disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; neuromuscular junction disorders such as congenital myasthenia gravis; and muscle fiber disorders such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Although the origins and clinical syndromes vary significantly, outcomes related to musculoskeletal complications are often shared. The most frequently encountered musculoskeletal complications of neuromuscular disorders in children are scoliosis, bony rotational deformities, and hip dysplasia. Management is often challenging to those who work with children who have neuromuscular disorders.