Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Apr 2010
Meta Analysis[Use of rifampicin plus pyrazinamide for antituberculosis prophylaxis does not increase the risk of severe hepatotoxicity in HIV patients: meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials].
To compare the incidence of severe hepatitis in HIV-infected patients receiving rifampicin plus pyrazinamide (RZ) for antituberculosis prophylaxis with that of patients receiving a conventional isoniazid-based regime for 6 to 12 months (6-12H). ⋯ The meta-analysis did not demonstrate an increased risk of severe hepatoxicity in HIV-infected patients receiving tuberculosis prophylaxis with the rifampicin/pyrazinamide combination compared to the conventional 6- or 12-month isoniazid-based regimen.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Apr 2010
ReviewInterferon gamma release assays: principles and practice.
The last decade has witnessed significant advances in mycobacterial genomics and cellular research which have resulted in the development of two new blood tests, the enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot) (TSPOT. TB, Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, Cellestis, Carnegie, Australia). These tests, which are collectively known as interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), detect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) by measuring interferon (IFN)-gamma release in response to antigens present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and most nontuberculous mycobacteria. ⋯ Their high specificity means that BCG-vaccinated individuals with a false-positive TST will not receive unnecessary preventive treatment, whereas improved sensitivity in individuals with weakened cellular immunity at highest risk of progressing to active TB (for example HIV-positive individuals) enables more reliable targeted testing and treatment of these vulnerable groups. The role of IGRAs in active TB is less clear but they may be useful as adjunctive tests in the diagnostic work-up of an individual with suspected TB. Finally, recent developments and future directions in IGRA development are reviewed.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Apr 2010
[Epidemiology of enterobacteriaceae causing bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients].
An increasing number of neonates require intensive care, and this population has a high risk of developing infections. The Enterobacteriaceae most commonly related to healthcare-associated infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter cloacae. ⋯ The study has provided better knowledge of bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae in the NICU of our hospital from both the epidemiological and clonal standpoints.