Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association
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The presence of metastatic lymph nodes is a prognostic indicator for patients with thyroid carcinomas and is an important determinant of clinical decision making. However, evaluating neck lymph nodes requires experience and is labor- and time-intensive. Therefore, the development of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to identify and differentiate metastatic lymph nodes may be useful. ⋯ We developed a deep learning-based CAD system for the localization and differentiation of metastatic lymph nodes from thyroid cancer on ultrasound. This CAD system is highly sensitive and may be used as a screening tool; however, as it is relatively less specific, the screening results should be validated by experienced physicians.
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Although immune-related thyroiditis (irT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a common consequence, its natural course and management recommendations are not well characterized in existing guidelines. This study sought to investigate the evolution of irT and describe its course and sequelae. ⋯ IrT manifests as an early onset of thyrotoxicosis, which is largely asymptomatic, followed by rapid transition to hypothyroidism requiring long-term levothyroxine substitution. The evolution of irT is more rapid with combination ICI. Frequent monitoring of thyroid function tests during ICI is warranted. Future guidelines need to recognize this entity and incorporate their management.