Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol · Oct 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyZiprasidone in adolescents with schizophrenia: results from a placebo-controlled efficacy and long-term open-extension study.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ziprasidone in adolescents with schizophrenia. ⋯ NCT00257192 and NCT00265382 at ClinicalTrials.gov .
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol · Oct 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEfficacy, long-term safety, and tolerability of ziprasidone in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of ziprasidone in children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder. ⋯ NCT00257166 and NCT00265330 at ClinicalTrials.gov.
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol · Sep 2013
Five-fold increase in national prevalence rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and other psychiatric disorders: a Danish register-based study.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and time trends in prescriptions of methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, and atomoxetine in children and adolescents, within three diagnostic groups: 1) autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 2) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 3) other psychiatric disorders. ⋯ This is the largest study to date assessing stimulant treatment in children and adolescents with ASD, and is the first prospective study quantifying the change over time in the prevalence of treatment with ADHD medications in a population-based national cohort of children and adolescents with ASD. The prevalence of stimulant treatment in youth with ASD of 16% is consistent with earlier studies. The past decade has witnessed a clear and progressive increase in the prescription rates of medications typically used to treat ADHD in children and adolescents in Denmark. This increase is not limited to only those with ADHD, but includes others with neuropsychiatric disorders, including ASD. The risks and benefits of this practice await further study.
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol · Jun 2013
ReviewA review of the rationale and clinical utilization of α2-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and related disorders.
Interest in the potential role for the α2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and guanfacine as treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has driven additional clinical studies as well as development of new formulations of these agents. This article reviews the published data that supported United States Food and Drug Administration approval and subsequent clinical use of α2-adrenoceptor agonists in the treatment of ADHD, and identifies promising directions for future research. ⋯ Large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials support the efficacy and safety of α2-adrenoceptor agonists as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy with psychostimulants for the symptomatic treatment of ADHD. Future research could reveal whether there are cognitive benefits associated with this drug class and thus further define the role of α2-adrenoceptor agonists in the treatment of ADHD.
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol · Jun 2013
Comparative StudyThe diagnosis and management of delirium in infancy.
Atypical antipsychotics have been documented to be effective in the management of delirium in adults and older children, but despite considerable need, their use has been less studied in the very young. A retrospective chart review was undertaken to describe the use of atypical antipsychotics in controlling symptoms of delirium in infants and toddlers. ⋯ Although randomized placebo controlled studies are needed to better characterize the indications, risks, and benefits, these atypical antipsychotic medications appeared to be effective and safe for managing delirium symptoms in very young pediatric patients.