The Journal of veterinary medical science
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The effect of an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of hypertonic saline solution (HSS; 7.2%, 2,400 mOsmol/kg. H2O) was evaluated by serum electrolyte concentrations and osmotic pressure in the anesthetized beagles. Sixteen beagles were assigned to 3 experimental groups (2.5, 5 or 15 ml/kg of HSS i.v. infusion) or a control group (5 ml/kg of isotonic saline solution (ISS) i.v. infusion) and were monitored for 120 min after the initiation of fluid infusion. ⋯ The 15 ml/kg HSS infusion induced significant decreases in the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), reaching 63.7 +/- 8.0 mmHg at 120 min after the initiation of the fluid infusion compared with an immediately before fluid infusion value. On the basis of these findings, 5 ml/kg HSS infusion can be safely administered to healthy beagles for expanding the plasma volume without inducing hypernatremia. A 5 ml/kg HSS infusion is thus recommended for the initial field resuscitation of dogs.
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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is frequently used for treatment of patients with severe hypoxemia due to life-threatening respiratory failure. Due to this hypoxemia, the myocardium of these patients is insufficiently provided with oxygen, and consequently their cardiac function commonly deteriorates. But veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO provides oxygenated blood to the coronary arteries from ECMO circuit insufficiently. ⋯ We found that the coronary blood flow distributed from the proximal arterial cannula was significantly higher than that from the distal cannula. The proximal arterial cannula appears necessary to provide sufficient oxygenated blood to the coronary circulation during V-A ECMO. Therefore, it is expected that the increased cardiac function may improved, and that the survival rate of the patients with retarded cardiac function due to severe hypoxemia may increase by proximal placement of the arterial cannula during V-A ECMO.
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Comparative Study
Effect of a 7.2% hypertonic saline solution infusion on arterial blood pressure, serum sodium concentration and osmotic pressure in normovolemic heifers.
The effects of an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of a small volume (5 ml/kg) or large volume (15 ml/kg) of hypertonic saline solution (HSS; 7.2%, 2,400 mOsmol/kg. H2O) and those of an i.v. infusion of 5 ml/kg isotonic saline solution (ISS; 300 mOsmol/kg. H2O) on plasma volume, arterial blood pressure, serum sodium concentrations and osmotic pressure were investigated in conscious heifers. ⋯ The 15 ml/kg HSS infusion induced a significant decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen at the t = 30 min compared to the t = 0 min values. On the basis of these findings, a small volume (5 ml/kg) HSS infusion can be rapidly and safely administered to cattle for expanding the plasma volume without inducing hypernatremia. A 5 ml/kg HSS infusion is thus recommended for the initial field resuscitation of cattle.
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Clostridium novyi (C. novyi) Type B alpha-toxin was purified from culture supernatant by column chromatography, and was inactivated by formalin. A purified alpha-toxoid vaccine was prepared by mixing it with an aluminum phosphate gel adjuvant. Guinea pigs immunized twice with 4 micrograms or more of alpha-toxin survived against challenge with C. novyi Type B spores. ⋯ In this experiment, 10 U of antitoxin titer was the border of survival or death after challenge. Guinea pigs with antitoxin titers of less than 5 U, 5 U and 10 U died at 2, 3 to 4 and 4 days, respectively, after challenge. These results suggest that C. novyi alpha-toxin was the main protective antigen against challenge exposure to spores in guinea pigs.
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The clinical application of MRI of a cat case of traffic accident was examined. On admission, the animal was unconscious and remained so for 2 days. ⋯ From the temporary unconscious status and the fracture, cerebral damage was suspected and an MRI examination was performed. The contrecoup injury in the cat case of traffic accident which could not be diagnosed by radiography was diagnosed by MRI examination.