Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI
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J Magn Reson Imaging · Feb 2013
ReviewNeonatal neuroimaging findings in inborn errors of metabolism.
Individually, metabolic disorders are rare, but overall they account for a significant number of neonatal disorders affecting the central nervous system. The neonatal clinical manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are characterized by nonspecific systemic symptoms that may mimic more common acute neonatal disorders like sepsis, severe heart insufficiency, or neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Certain IEMs presenting in the neonatal period may also be complicated by sepsis and cardiomyopathy. ⋯ Although neuroimaging findings are rarely specific, they play a key role in suggesting the correct diagnosis, limiting the differential diagnosis, and may consequently allow early initiation of targeted metabolic and genetic laboratory investigations and treatment. Neuroimaging may be especially helpful to distinguish metabolic disorders from other more common causes of neonatal encephalopathy, as a newborn may present with an IEM prior to the availability of the newborn screening results. It is therefore important that neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, and pediatric neuroradiologists are familiar with the neuroimaging findings of metabolic disorders presenting in the neonatal time period.
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Renal function is characterized by different physiologic aspects, including perfusion, glomerular filtration, interstitial diffusion, and tissue oxygenation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows great promise in assessing these renal tissue characteristics noninvasively. The last decade has witnessed a dramatic progress in MRI techniques for renal function assessment. This article briefly describes relevant renal anatomy and physiology, reviews the applications of functional MRI techniques for the diagnosis of renal diseases, and lists unresolved issues that will require future work.
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J Magn Reson Imaging · Feb 2013
Comparative StudyComparison of R2* correction methods for accurate fat quantification in fatty liver.
To compare the performance of fat fraction quantification using single-R(2)* and dual-R(2)* correction methods in patients with fatty liver, using MR spectroscopy (MRS) as the reference standard. ⋯ Single-R(2)* modeling is more accurate than dual-R(2)* modeling for hepatic fat quantification in patients, even in those with high hepatic fat concentrations.
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J Magn Reson Imaging · Feb 2013
Automatic intra-subject registration-based segmentation of abdominal fat from water-fat MRI.
To develop an automatic registration-based segmentation algorithm for measuring abdominal adipose tissue depot volumes and organ fat fraction content from three-dimensional (3D) water-fat MRI data, and to evaluate its performance against manual segmentation. ⋯ Automated intra-subject registration-based segmentation is potentially suitable for the quantification of abdominal and organ fat and achieves comparable quantitative endpoints with respect to manual segmentation.
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J Magn Reson Imaging · Feb 2013
Effect of cerebral spinal fluid suppression for diffusional kurtosis imaging.
To evaluate the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) partial volume effect on diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics in white matter and cortical gray matter. ⋯ Kurtosis metrics are less sensitive to CSF partial voluming in cortical gray matter than conventional diffusion metrics. The kurtosis metrics may then be more specific indicators of changes in tissue microstructure, provided the effect sizes for the changes are comparable.