Obesity surgery
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus being one of the most prevalent diseases in the world has led to a variety of research using animal models. This review focuses on various rat models to study the effect that surgical procedures have on type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Rat models can be classified as Obese Diabetic, Non-Obese Diabetic, Obese Non-Diabetic, and Non-Obese Non-Diabetic. Here, we have discussed the particular characteristics of each rat so that it can provide the appropriate model to study different pathological processes involve in type 2 Diabetes and obesity.
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Obesity has been associated with a chronic activation of the acute-phase response. The aims of our study were to investigate whether levels of inflammatory cytokines are higher in obese patients, to evaluate their relationship with metabolic syndrome, and to analyze the effect of moderate weight loss upon their levels. ⋯ Obesity is associated to a chronic inflammatory state that seems to be due to an increased secretion of cytokines, and this state is not related to the presence of metabolic syndrome. Moderate weight loss does not ameliorate this inflammatory state in the short term.
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This study evaluates the characteristics and outcome of patients admitted to the ICU following bariatric surgery. ⋯ The ICU admission rate in our report is 8%. This study showed that 32 ICU days are needed per 100 diverse bariatric procedures. Most patients are admitted to the ICU for only a few days and the majority of the admissions is planned.
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There is strong evidence that morbid obesity is often accompanied by gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux is caused predominantly by transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs). Only few data are available about TLESRs in patients with stage III obesity (body mass index > 35). The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and types of TLESRs in patients with morbid obesity in different physiological stages (postprandial: upright and recumband) compared to patients with normal weight gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and diffuse esophagus spasm (DES). ⋯ Morbid obesity is associated with gastroesophageal reflux. The frequency of TLESRs has significantly increased compared to healthy subjects and does not differ statistically from patients with GERD. Isolated TLESRs are mostly incomplete in patients with a hypotonic LES.