Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · Dec 2011
Four-dimensional sonographic evaluation of avulsion of the levator ani according to delivery mode.
To determine the frequency of avulsion of the levator ani muscle in primiparous women according to delivery mode, using introital four-dimensional ultrasonography. ⋯ Forceps delivery is associated with an increased rate of avulsion of the puborectalis component of the levator ani muscle. The effect of forceps use is independent of other delivery-related variables.
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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · Dec 2011
Case ReportsFetal optic nerve sheath measurement as a non-invasive tool for assessment of increased intracranial pressure.
To describe the sonographic technique for assessment of the fetal optic nerve sheath and to report on three fetuses with intracranial lesions and enlarged optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) compared with normal controls matched for gestational age (GA). ⋯ Fetal ONSD measurement is feasible using a technique similar to that used in adults and children. ONSD enlargement was observed in all three fetuses with intracranial lesions and may be an early tool with which to diagnose increased ICP.