Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · Feb 2006
Screening for trisomy 21 by fetal tricuspid regurgitation, nuchal translucency and maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks.
To examine whether in pregnancies with fetal trisomy 21 the level of maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation is independent of the presence or absence of tricuspid regurgitation and to estimate the performance of a screening test that combines tricuspid regurgitation with fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A. ⋯ There is no relationship between tricuspid regurgitation and the levels of maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A in cases with trisomy 21. An integrated sonographic and biochemical test at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks can potentially identify about 90% of trisomy 21 fetuses for a false-positive rate of 2-3%.
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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · Oct 2005
Comparative StudyUltrasound dating at 12-14 weeks of gestation. A prospective cross-validation of established dating formulae in in-vitro fertilized pregnancies.
To determine the accuracy of established ultrasound dating formulae when used at 12-14 weeks of gestation. ⋯ We have identified three BPD formulae that are suitable for dating at 12-14 weeks of gestation. They are superior to all 21 CRL formulae tested here, because their random measurement errors were much smaller than those of the three best CRL formulae. The small systematic negative measurement errors associated with the BPD formulae are likely to be clinically unimportant.
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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · Oct 2005
Effects of maternal hyperoxia with and without normocapnia in uteroplacental and fetal Doppler studies.
One hundred percent oxygen is given in pregnancy to improve fetal oxygenation, yet has been shown in both animal and human studies ex utero to increase cerebral vascular resistance. Adjusting end-tidal pCO2 (ET-pCO2) levels to normocapnic levels during hyperoxygenation offsets this effect in non-pregnant individuals. We aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal hyperoxygenation with and without maintaining normocapnia on the fetal and uteroplacental circulations in healthy near-term human pregnancies. ⋯ Maternal and fetal circulations exhibit divergent responses to 100% oxygen and NH. While no change is observed in the uteroplacental circulation on 100% oxygen, decreased resistance and increased flow velocity are evident during NH. Increased umbilical artery PI during NH with no change in absolute velocities may suggest a reduction in fetoplacental blood flow. Maintaining normocapnia during hyperoxygenation does not appear to beneficially influence the circulation of the near-term human fetus as it does in non-pregnant individuals.
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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol · Sep 2005
Pelvic free fluid: clinical importance for reproductive age women with blunt abdominal trauma.
To evaluate the importance of isolated pelvic free fluid (FF) detected by ultrasound examination in pregnant patients and in non-pregnant reproductive age women with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). ⋯ In reproductive age women with BAT, ultrasound detection of FF in the abdomen alone, in both the abdomen and pelvis, or isolated to the pelvis is associated with a higher IAI rate. Therefore, isolated FF in the pelvis should not necessarily be considered physiological in pregnant and non-pregnant patients with BAT.