Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 2002
Comparative Study[Thrombelastographic coagulation analysis following in vitro and in vivo haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES)].
In the study presented the effects of in vitro hemodilution with HES on coagulation are compared with the effects of in vivo hemodilution using thrombelastography (TEG). The in vivo hemodilution was performed by the i. v. infusion of 1000 ml 6 % solution of hydroxyethyl starch HES (2 formulations with HES 130/0.4 and one formulation with HES 200/0.5) in healthy volunteers during 30 min. The in vitro hemodilution was performed with blood samples taken from the volunteers before the infusion was started. ⋯ The more pronounced alterations found in vitro cannot be interpreted as impairment of haemostasis in vivo. On the other hand, the likewise haemodilution in vitro causes an impairment of coagulation. Therefore, the effects of in vitro hemodilution with HES on coagulation differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the effects of in vivo hemodilution.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 2002
Biography Historical Article[F. W. Sertürner and the discovery of morphine. 200 years of pain therapy with opioids].
Since many centuries mankind has been aware of the poppy (papaver somniferum) and has known its product opium as an analgesic drug. Until the beginning of the 19 (th) century its compounds were not known, making it almost impossible to apply the substance in exact doses. 1803/04, Friedrich Wilhelm Sertürner (1783 - 1841) succeeded in isolating a crystalline substance from opium in the test tube, which he called morphium. ⋯ He isolated morphine, the first pure opioid available for calculated pain therapy with one defined compound. Moreover, he laid the foundations of a new class of pharmaceutical drugs, the alcaloids.