Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Oct 2005
Review[Efficacy of clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia].
Clonidine is a mixed alpha (2)-/alpha (1)- adrenoceptor agonist. It decreases sympathetic tone and increases parasympathetic tone, which results in a lowering of blood pressure and heart rate. It was introduced as an antihypertensive medication in the late sixties. ⋯ This analgesic property of Clonidine has raised broad interest in its beneficial use in anaesthesiology. In adults and pediatric anaesthesia, clonidine can be safely and effectively used for premedication, intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, postoperative shivering, and for analgo-sedation in intensive care. This article will consider possible indications of Clonidine in children's anaesthesia and intensive care medicine.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Oct 2005
[Carotid-surgery in ultrasound-guided anesthesia of the regio colli lateralis].
Carotid endarterectomy significantly reduces the risk of stroke in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. An increasing number of interventions in carotid surgery are performed under regional anesthesia in conscious patients. Carotid endarterectomy in local anesthesia requires block of the cervical nerves C2-C4, which may be accomplished in different ways. The most frequent method of regional anesthesia in carotid surgery is a combined block of profunda and superficial cervical plexus (by using a nerve stimulator). Ultrasound is frequently used in anesthesia for venous access and peripheral nerve block. By ultrasound, it is possible to visualize puncture needle and spread of local anesthetics at the correct position for block of cervical plexus in carotid surgery. The aim of the case reports was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using ultrasound for regional anesthesia in carotid surgery. ⋯ Ultrasound presents an alternative to cervical block using nerve stimulation, especially in patients with anatomical abnormalities. The method proves to be effective and may improve the approach to profundeal cervical plexus.