Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Mar 2007
[Prevention and treatment of hypotension during Caesarean delivery].
Regional anesthesia for Caesarean delivery is often accompanied by a reduction in maternal blood pressure. Maternal hypotension may lead to a reduction in uteroplacental blood flow with consecutive fetal acidosis. ⋯ Nevertheless, maternal hypotension is not always preventable and the use of vasopressors is still frequently required. Although ephedrine has been considered the vasopressor of choice over the last decades, current studies show that fetal acidosis is less frequently encountered with the use of phenylephrine, which should thus be considered as a first-line agent.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Mar 2007
[Spinal and epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section in patients with pre-eclampsia].
Neuraxial regional anaesthesia is now widely used in obstetric anaesthesia. Specifically, the rate of spinal anaesthesia increased considerably and is favoured for scheduled caesarean section. Former concerns to use regional anaesthetic techniques in non scheduled cases, e.g. spinal anaesthesia for pre-eclampsia are not supported by recent study data. Spinal and epidural anaesthesia are both safe in patients presenting with pre-eclampsia, if contraindications for neuraxial anaesthesia are taken into account.
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Numerous scientific case reports and observational studies, including that of Curtis Mendelson with its great historical relevance, have reported the problem of aspiration pneumonitis during labour. Because of this, strict fasting prior to delivery to reduce pulmonary aspiration has been doctrine since the 1940s. However, maternal mortality from anaesthesia, particularly from aspiration, has dropped dramatically over recent decades. ⋯ However, the available data with patients receiving clear fluids run contrary to this assumption, or at least dispute its clinical relevance. Recent studies report positive influence of reduced fasting time on both maternal comfort and maternal/fetal metabolism without increased risk. This has already led to meaningful discussion regarding a corresponding change in official recommendations.