Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2010
[Coagulation management in trauma-related massive bleeding. - Recommendations of the Task Force for Coagulation (AGPG) of the Austrian Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine (OGARI)].
Even nowadays and at specialized centers, one of the leading causes of death is exsanguination. Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) occuring with massive blood loss primarily results from loss of coagualtion factors and platelets and is aggravated by hemodilution. ⋯ During the past few years new insights into the pathophysiology of TIC and the widespread use of viscoelastic coagulation monitoring provoked the development of alternative treatment concepts. As for the previously recommended standard therapy using fresh frozen plasma and platelet concentrates also for alternative strategies no data from large prospective randomized studies are available until now, however, the evidence is growing favoring the use of coagulation factor concentrates guided by viscoelastic measurements.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2010
[Quality improvement of postoperative pain management in infants QUIPSI) - A pilot study].
Outcome-focussed benchmarking has been shown to be a successful tool in adult quality improvement of postoperative pain management in adults. We report on feasibility and first results of a similar project in operated children (quality improvement of postoperative pain management in infants, QUIPSI). ⋯ QUIPSI (Quality Improvement in Postoperative Pain Management in Infants) represents a new tool for outcome evaluation, consisting of standardized data acquisition of outcome and process quality indicators. In the currently starting second phase of the project, a multicenter evaluation will take place in ten medical centres.
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The "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome" (ARDS) is a life threatening disease and is associated with a high mortality, mainly due to multi-organ failure. Invasive mechanical ventilation can worsen multi-organ failure which must be avoided. A tidal volume of 6 ml/kg bodyweight should be the aim. Extracorporeal lung assist devices like ECMO or iLA can contribute to lung-protective mechanical ventilation.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2010
[Neurological complications following anesthesia - part II].
Neurological complications after surgery may have fatal consequences for the patient or lead to disability and inability to work. Similar to central nervous complications such as stroke, postoperative visual loss, postoperative cognitive deficit and delirium, peripheral neurological complications following anaesthesia can be decisively influenced or almost avoided by an optimized anaesthesiological management. In the present article typical peripheral neurologic complications which can occur after regional anesthesia, central venous puncture and insertion of arterial or venous cannulas as well as etiology, diagnosis and therapy of peripheral nervous damage are described. Moreover the paper gives recommendations on intraoperative positioning of the patient and presents medicolegal aspects in the perioperative setting.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2010
[Update and controversies of adjunctive sepsis therapy].
The implementation of the sepsis bundles have led to a remarkable reduction of mortality. The early treatment is one key factor, but there are differences in the effectiveness of single bundle measures to contribute to decreased mortality. The validation of newly introduced management or therapeutic interventions like tight glucose control in randomized controlled trials is not completely successful for patients suffering from severe sepsis or septic shock. Recently published guidelines attenuate implemented treatment strategies and lead to further adjustment taking into account actual data on adjunctive sepsis therapy.