Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2016
[The new German guideline on postpartum haemorrhage (PPH): essential aspects for coagulation and circulatory therapy].
Worldwide, post-partum haemorrhage (PHH) remains one of the leading causes for maternal mortality. The German Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the German Midwifes' Society, the German Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis and the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care updated the former guideline. The resulting recommendations are the results of a structured literature search and a formal consensus process and contain all aspects of PPH including diagnosis, causes, risk factors and therapy. ⋯ For suspected PPH, this guideline emphasizes clinical and laboratory-based diagnostics, as only those will enable an early identification of the bleeding's causes and the resulting causative therapy. Recommendations cover evidence-based application of uterotonics for atony as well as tranexamic acid, calcium, factor concentrates and blood products. Additionally, recommendations are given on the topics of cell salvage, controlled hypotension and restrictive transfusion triggers.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2016
Review[Cardiac support and replacement therapies].
Circulatory support represents an integral part within the treatment of the critically ill patient. Sophisticated pharmacologic regimens help to maintain systemic perfusion pressure by increasing vascular tone as well as mediating positive inotropic effects. Besides the administration of catecholamines and phosphodiesterase-III-inhibitors, in particular the administration of levosimendan represents a promising alternative during low-cardiac-output. ⋯ In case pharmacological measures do not suffice mechanical cardiopulmonary support (MCS) may be used. MCS may be used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation or a "low-cardiac-output-syndrome" as bridging towards decision, recovery or long-term support. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) may take over cardiopulmonary function and may improve survival as well as neurological outcome after cardiogenic shock or cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2016
Review[Respiratory and extracorporeal lung support].
Mechanical ventilation is the most commonly used form of respiratory support to restore or maintain adequate gas exchange. However, mechanical ventilation does not provide a physiological form of breathing. Neither does it provide an optimal ventilation / perfusion ratio due to passive movement of the diagphragm favoring the non-dependent parts of the lung. ⋯ Hence, lung protective ventilation is mandatory in patients with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and should likewise be used in the operating room. Extracorporeal pulmonary support is required in case mechanical ventilation is unable to secure sufficient gas exchange or VILI is imminent. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) acts as lung replacement therapy and may improve survival along with treatment in an ARDS-center.