Atencion primaria
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To identify the structural and intermediate determinants associated with avoidable hospitalizations (AH) of patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ⋯ The AH due to T2DM are susceptible to reduction through policies that contribute to increasing effective access to health services (availability, insurance), since they express social inequality, occurring to a greater extent in socioeconomically vulnerable populations. This review also provides evidence of the need to expand research on this topic in middle and low-income countries.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
[Use of clinical ultrasound in primary care: Multicenter prospective study].
The objective was to describe the characteristics of the use of clinical ultrasound in two health centers (SC) of Health Area VII of the Region of Murcia (CS Murcia-Sur and CS Floridablanca). ⋯ The use of ultrasound in PC allows to show the high prevalence of pathological findings in the examination of patients. In a technique that helps the clinician in his diagnostic-therapeutic process. The integration of clinical ultrasound in the PC consultation can save complementary studies and referrals to a second level of care. Its implementation in PC requires proper training of professionals.
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The clinical interview of immigrant patients requires cultural competence to ensure good understanding and correct communication, in addition to collecting specific information that differs from that of native patients, such as origin and migratory route or cultural identity. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection is recommended in certain cases and screening for other infections, both cosmopolitan with a higher prevalence in migrants (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C) and imported (Chagas, intestinal parasites, strongyloidiasis, schistosomiasis), depending on origin. It is essential to check the vaccination status and complete the vaccination schedule, adapting it to the current calendar, prioritizing vaccines such as measles, rubella and poliomyelitis. We propose preventive activities to be carried out when traveling to countries of origin, due to their special characteristics and risks: general advice, exploring the risk of malaria, assessing specific vaccinations, advice regarding sexually transmitted infections and special considerations if they have chronic diseases; and addressing, if appropriate, the risks of female genital mutilation.
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Evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to incorporate group and community activities on a sustained basis in all the Basic Health Zones (ZBS) of a health area. ⋯ The intervention proved effective after its first year of implementation, since all the EAPs carried out group activities and collaborated with the local councils in the area; the majority had leading professionals in community care and, to a lesser extent, participation in local action projects and in vulnerable populations increased.
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The care of migrant patients includes initial screening and lifelong monitoring, highlighting the importance of preventing and tracking chronic, communicable and non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity varies by ethnicity, influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle, and socio-economic status. ⋯ Imported skin lesions are a common reason for consultation among migrant and traveller patients. Their ethiology is varied, ranging from common conditions such as scabies, mycoses, and urticaria to tropical dermatoses like filariasis and leprosy.