International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society
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Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer · Jan 2006
Review Case ReportsLarge-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix associated with cervical-type invasive adenocarcinoma: a report of case and discussion of histogenesis.
A case of cervical large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with mucinous-type cervical adenocarcinoma component adjacent to it is presented, and its histopathogenesis and clinical course are discussed under the light of the literature.
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Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer · Jan 2006
Comparative StudyRoutine computerized tomography scanning, groin ultrasound with or without fine needle aspiration cytology in the surgical management of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
We set out to study whether computerized tomography (CT) scanning of the vulva and the groin and groin ultrasound scanning (USS) alone or with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (USS/FNAC) influenced or could influence the surgical management of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (SCCaV). Forty-four patients underwent surgery for primary SCCaV following radiologic imaging by one or more modalities. Patient details included the clinical assessment of the carcinoma, radiologic findings, the operation performed, and whether the decision regarding the type and extent of surgery for the vulval carcinoma and, in particular, for the groin node dissection was or could be influenced by the radiologic findings. ⋯ The data do not support the routine use of CT scanning in patients with primary SCCaV, either in assessment of the primary vulval carcinoma or in detecting groin nodal metastases. For the groin nodes, USS/FNAC is superior to CT in assessing disease status. In contrast to CT, USS/FNAC may have a useful clinical role in the management of the groin nodes in vulval carcinoma.
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Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer · Jan 2006
Insulin-like growth factor-1 genotype predicts breast volume after pregnancy and hormonal contraception and is associated with circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 levels: implications for risk of early-onset breast cancer in young women from hereditary breast cancer families.
BRCA1/2 mutations predispose to early-onset breast cancer, especially after oral contraceptive (OC) use and pregnancy. However, the majority of breast cancers might be due to more prevalent low penetrance genes that may also modify the risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. The absence of the IGF1 19-CA repeat allele has been associated with high insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels during OC use in nulliparous women of four different ethnic groups. High IGF-1 levels are linked to an increased risk of early-onset breast cancer and to larger breast volumes in the general population. It has also been hypothesized that women whose breast size increases while exposed to OCs may be at increased risk of future breast cancer. ⋯ Our results suggest that absence of the IGF1 19-CA repeat allele modifies IGF-1 levels, breast volume, and possibly early-onset breast cancer risk after hormone exposure in young, high-risk women. These results warrant confirmation in a larger prospective cohort of high-risk women. If confirmed, the IGF1 genotype could be incorporated as an additional marker to improve risk estimates for early-onset breast cancer during genetic counseling of women from high-risk breast cancer families.
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Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer · Jan 2006
Comparative StudyUnilateral groin and pelvic irradiation for unilaterally node-positive women with vulval carcinoma.
It is essential that any patient with resected vulval cancer and significant nodal disease receive optimal adjuvant treatment with radiation. Adequate radiotherapy for such patients with unilateral positive groin nodes has not been defined. Whether both groins and pelvic sidewalls should be irradiated or only the affected (node positive) side remains unclear. ⋯ The ninth patient died of another cause. There was a high incidence of regional failure after unilateral groin and pelvic radiotherapy, but there were no recurrences on the nonirradiated, node-negative side. Although a small series, we speculate that there is no apparent disadvantage to administering unilateral adjuvant radiotherapy for unilaterally positive groin nodes and encourage further studies in order to more confidently determine whether the tendency observed in our center holds true.