NeuroRehabilitation
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2013
Neuroimaging and social behavior in children after traumatic brain injury: findings from the Social Outcomes of Brain Injury in Kids (SOBIK) study.
Neuroimaging studies identified either focal and/or non-specific frontotemporolimbic damage resulting from mild-complicated to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a subset of 12 children 8-12 years of age who were part of the Social Outcomes of Brain Injury in Kids (SOBIK) study. The influence of identifiable damage on social behavior was examined. ⋯ Children with frontotemporolimbic or diffuse damage demonstrated variable social outcomes from their TBI. Results are discussed in terms of the heterogeneity of TBI-related abnormalities and their relationship to social behavior.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2013
Measuring mobility in patients living in the community with Parkinson disease.
Is the de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) valid for measuring the mobility of patients living in the community with Parkinson disease (PD)? ⋯ The DEMMI has a broader scale width than existing mobility-related activity measures, provides interval level measurement and is a unidimensional measure of mobility in patients with PD living in the community.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2013
ReviewMotor function-related maladaptive plasticity in stroke: a review.
Brain plasticity can be classified as adaptive and maladaptive. Maladaptive plasticity indicates hindered functional recovery or the development of an unwanted symptom. Although a considerable amount is known about adaptive plasticity in stroke, relatively little is known of maladaptive plasticity. ⋯ As for CMP, patients with a good neurological state as much as having a normal movement pattern, should be considered to have maladaptive plasticity, and in terms of the ipsilateral motor pathway, patients with bilateral innervations can be considered to have maladaptive plasticity. On the other hand, IAMs due to delayed neuronal degeneration should be ruled out in patients with delayed-onset IAMs. Therefore, for the accurate recognition of motor function-related maladaptive plasticity in stroke, a thorough evaluation of neurological state using brain mapping techniques is necessary, and subsequently, the prevention or intensive management of maladaptive plasticity is needed.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialRepeated sessions of functional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases motor cortex excitability and motor control in survivors of stroke.
To determine the impact of a single-session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and an rTMS intervention on neurophysiology and motor control in survivors of stroke. ⋯ The functional-rTMS protocol enhanced cortical excitability following a single-session and after repeated sessions and improved steadiness, whereas the passive stimulation protocol tended to decrease excitation and no improvements in steadiness were observed.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2013
ReviewNeuropsychological and neuroanatomical sequelae of chronic non-malignant pain and opioid analgesia.
The pervasive disease of chronic pain is a common challenge for the clinical rehabilitation professional. Concurrent with physical and emotional symptoms, pain-related cognitive impairment has been reported. Although opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed, concern exists that opioids possess adverse cognitive effects of their own. ⋯ To date, evidence from opioid studies suggests only mild deficits in specific cognitive domains (e.g., memory, attention/concentration) and only under specific conditions (e.g., dose escalations). Additionally, neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence suggests that pain itself results in cognitive sequelae. Methodological improvements in future research will allow for better delineation of the contributing effects of pain and opioids, with an overall goal of improving evidence-based clinical treatment recommendations.