NeuroRehabilitation
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2010
Symptoms in military service members after blast mTBI with and without associated injuries.
Traumatic combat events can lead to neurobehavioral and stress-related symptoms among military troops. Physical injuries received during combat are associated with increased symptom report. The effect of a concurrent mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on this relationship is unknown and forms the basis for this report. ⋯ Results suggest that in the presence of an invisible injury, such as mTBI, associated bodily injuries may be at least partially protective against the development of stress and neurobehavioral symptoms. It is proposed that an invisible wound, such as mTBI, creates ambiguity regarding the etiology of symptoms and expected course of recovery and leads to increased emotional and somatic symptom report. However, the observable nature of an associated physical injury and the systematic rehabilitation involved in recovery from such an injury provide a focus for attention and measurable progress toward recovery that serve to reduce emotionally-based symptom reports.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2010
Clinical TrialTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of hip adductors improves gait parameters of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.
Reduction of spasticity in hip adductor muscles is one of the essential factors to improve standing, gait, and personal hygiene of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Surgical and medical methods have been commonly used for such purposes. These methods are expensive, required special skill and have side effects. ⋯ Functional application of TENS to hip adductors of children with spastic diplegic CP can reduce spasticity and improve gait pattern.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2010
ReviewHypoxic-ischemic brain injury: pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms.
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a well known consequence of cardiac arrest. Variable injuries can occur with purely hypoxic or histotoxic insults such as asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning. ⋯ The nature and extent of the damage appears to depend on the severity, time course and duration of the oxygen deprivation and lack of blood supply, as well as on the underlying mechanism. This review describes the pathophysiological and molecular basis of hypoxic ischemic brain injury, and differentiates between the mechanisms of injury by cardiac arrest, pure respiratory arrest, and arrest secondary to cytotoxicity (e.g. carbon monoxide poisoning).
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Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI-BI) after cardiac arrest commonly results in neurological injury and long term dysfunction, with outcomes ranging from coma and vegetative states to functional disability with various degrees of dependence. Increased rates of bystander CPR and cardiac defibrillation has led to a rapid increase in successful resuscitations. ⋯ Several neurological syndromes have been reported as consequences of HI-BI. This review will describe some of the more common syndromes seen after HI-BI, including the various levels of arousal, seizures, myoclonus, movement disorders, cognitive impairments, and other specific neurological abnormalities.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2010
Posttraumatic stress symptoms in OIF/OEF service members with blast-related and non-blast-related mild TBI.
To examine the proportion and severity of stress-related symptoms in U.S. service members with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) received during deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) or Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). Stress-related symptoms reported by service members with mTBI from explosive munitions are compared to symptoms reported by those with mTBI received from other mechanisms (i.e. falls, motor vehicle accidents). ⋯ Consistent with prior reports, high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms occur in a substantial proportion of service members who experienced deployment-related blast and non-blast mTBI. Results suggest that the psychological rehabilitation of OIF/OEF service members with mTBI from explosive blast should include particular attention to addressing re-experiencing symptoms.