NeuroRehabilitation
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2007
ReviewContributions of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to sport concussion evaluation.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in contact sport is a problem of such magnitude that improved approaches to diagnosis, investigation and management are urgent. Concussion has traditionally been described as a transient, fully reversible, cerebral dysfunction. However, this seemingly 'mild' injury sometimes results in long-lasting and disabling post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and abnormal neuropsychological profiles characteristic of frontal and/or temporal lobe dysfunction. ⋯ Therefore, functional imaging techniques can help in demonstrating brain abnormalities undetectable by structural imaging methods. This paper will review the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in studies of concussion. Our existing and ongoing fMRI studies will be described as examples to highlight the potential and contribution of this non-invasive functional neuroimaging technique in the assessment of sports-related concussion and its management.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2007
ReviewA review of the complications of intrathecal baclofen in patients with cerebral palsy.
Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) has become a standard treatment for spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) over the last ten years. This review summarizes and assesses the evidence for the safety of ITB in patients with CP. The literature was searched using electronic databases and reference lists from March 2000 through April 2007. ⋯ Children appear to be at higher risk for complications than adults. However, until we have consistent, reliable reports of complications, it will not be possible to perform specific risk/benefit analyses. Recommendations for improving investigation in this important area are discussed.
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NeuroRehabilitation · Jan 2007
ReviewEvaluation and management of respiratory muscle dysfunction in ALS.
Neuromuscular respiratory failure is the cause of death in the majority of patients with ALS. Respiratory muscle dysfunction impacts on quality of life and survival. ⋯ The respiratory muscles may be thought of as four functional groups: the inspiratory muscles, the expiratory muscles, the accessory muscles of respiration, and the upper airway muscles. This paper will review the structure and function of the neuromuscular respiratory system, and the evaluation and management of respiratory muscle dysfunction in ALS patients.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurring in the workplace carries major economic repercussions such as lost wages and hospital costs. Little is known about the profile of risk factors for work-related traumatic brain injury. ⋯ This research provides the first comprehensive overview of work-related TBI based on Canadian data. It identifies high risk profiles to better target prevention.