Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Dec 2003
Historical ArticleExperimental production of peptic ulcer, gastric damage and cancer models and their use in pathophysiological studies and pharmacological treatment--Polish achievements.
The common acid related diseases of the upper GI tract could be considered as primarily due to the defect in barrier function either of the gastric mucosal or duodenal epithelium leading to the formation of gastric or duodenal ulcers. An attempt was made in this chapter to discuss the history of peptic ulcer disease in humans and methods for the production of acute gastric lesions and ulcers in experimental animals with the special attention focused to the contribution of Polish scientists and investigators into this field. Early surgical advances in the management of peptic ulcers were emphasized that were then subsequently replaced by pharmacological treatment (histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors) and considered as the major strategy against the acid disorders. ⋯ Detailed studies revealed, however, that PG-induced cytoprotection offers a short-term protection against gastric lesions induced by corrosive agents but unfortunately this phenomenon gives a little, if any, impact to the process of ulcer healing. The experimental studies on healing of gastric ulcers that become supportive for the clinical trial in humans, performed also by Polish pioneers and the effect of numerous growth factors (EGF, TGF alpha), NO inhibitors, cyclooxygenase- (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitors and new safer derivatives of NSAID releasing NO in protection and ulcer healing are discussed. Finally, the major discovery by Warren and Marshall of H. pylori that have been studied world-wide in experimental animals including also Polish investigators, allowed for the better insight to the pathological consequences of this germ infection in the gastric mucosa and helped to establish the anti-H. pylori eradication therapy.
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Dec 2003
ReviewVisceral sensitivity perturbation integration in the brain-gut axis in functional digestive disorders.
Chronic abdominal pain is the most distressing symptom in patients with functional digestive disorders (FDD). IBS is the most common gastrointestinal disorder seen in primary care and gastroenterology practice. IBS is a functional bowel disorder in which abdominal pain is associated with defaecation or a change in bowel habit, with features of disordered defecation and with distension. ⋯ In contrast, in a women predominant population of IBS patients, we did not observed any neuronal activation in locations activated in healthy volunteers (ACC, dorsolateral PFC) while a significant deactivation was observed in the IC and in the amygdala, a limbic structure with a role to assign emotional significance to a current experience related to anxiety and fear. Brain imaging techniques thus appear as useful tools to characterize normal and abnormal brain processing of visceral pain in patients with FDD. Reversal effects of chemical compounds targeting these abnormalities either at a peripheral or a central level should be of interest.