Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Oct 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialReproducibility and expression of skin biomarkers in sun-damaged skin and actinic keratoses.
To explore p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and polyamine content as biomarkers in skin cancer chemoprevention trials, we evaluated their expression in early stages of UV-induced squamous cell tumorigenesis. ⋯ p53 expression and polyamines in skin were elevated in early stages of skin tumorigenesis and were not affected by sunscreen, adding validity to their use as biomarkers in skin cancer chemoprevention trials.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Oct 2006
Comparative StudyComparison of age distribution patterns for different histopathologic types of breast carcinoma.
Historically, female breast carcinoma has been viewed as an etiologically homogeneous disease associated with rapidly increasing incidence rates until age 50 years, followed by a slower rate of increase among older women. More recent studies, however, have shown distinct age incidence patterns for female breast cancer when stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) expression and/or histopathologic subtypes, suggesting etiologic heterogeneity. ⋯ Distinct age-specific incidence patterns reflected bimodal breast cancer populations for breast carcinoma overall as well as for histopathologic subtypes, race, and ER expression. The one exception was medullary carcinoma. Of note, medullary carcinomas are rare tumors, which are associated with germ-line mutations in the BRCA1 gene. These descriptive and model-based results support emerging molecular data, suggesting two main types of breast carcinoma in the overall breast cancer population.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Sep 2006
Evaluation of apolipoprotein A1 and posttranslationally modified forms of transthyretin as biomarkers for ovarian cancer detection in an independent study population.
Although overall 5-year survival rates for ovarian cancer are poor (10-30%), stage I/IIa patients have a 95% 5-year survival. New biomarkers that improve the diagnostic performance of existing tumor markers are critically needed. A previous study by Zhang et al. reported identification and validation of three biomarkers using proteomic profiling that together improved early-stage ovarian cancer detection. ⋯ We were able to replicate the findings reported by Zhang et al. in an independently conducted blinded study. These results provide some evidence that including age of patient and these markers in a model may improve specificity, especially when CA125 levels are >/=35 units/mL. Influences of sample handling, subject characteristics, and other covariates on biomarker levels require further consideration in discovery and replication or validation studies.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Aug 2006
Comparative StudyValidity and reliability of adult recall of past sun exposure in a case-control study of multiple sclerosis.
Measurement of past sun exposure through recall by adults has the potential for measurement error. We aimed to investigate aspects of validity and reliability of self-reported past sun exposure. ⋯ The results of this study provide further evidence that adults are able to recall past sun exposure with shown validity and reliability and present information about the possible reasons for the good reliability of recalled sun exposure measures.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Aug 2006
A follow-up study of physical activity and incidence of colorectal polyps in African-American women.
Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer, but the effect of activity on colorectal adenomas, which are precursors to colon cancer, is uncertain. The influence of physical activity on colorectal adenomas among African-American women is of particular interest because African-American women have an increased risk of colon cancer relative to other U.S. women. ⋯ Increased physical activity is associated with a reduced incidence of colorectal polyps among African-American women.