Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
-
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jul 2006
Mammographic density correlation with Gail model breast cancer risk estimates and component risk factors.
The Gail model is a validated breast cancer risk assessment tool that is primarily based on nonmodifiable breast cancer risk factors. Conversely, mammographic breast density is strongly correlated with breast cancer risk and responds to risk-modifying interventions. The purpose of our study was to correlate mammographic density with breast cancer risk as calculated by the Gail model and to examine the relative association of each of the model covariates to mammographic density. ⋯ The Gail model does not fully account for the association between breast density and calculated breast cancer risk. Because mammographic density is a modifiable marker, development of a breast cancer risk assessment tool that includes mammographic density could be beneficial for assessing individual risk.
-
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jul 2006
Comparative StudyEffect of Helicobacter pylori infection combined with CagA and pepsinogen status on gastric cancer development among Japanese men and women: a nested case-control study.
Although accumulating evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori plays a role in gastric carcinogenesis, the magnitude of the risk remains uncertain. ⋯ Subjects with pepsinogen levels indicative of severe atrophic gastritis may need careful examination regularly regardless of H. pylori infection. Those who have other pepsinogen levels but who are H. pylori seropositive are likely to benefit from H. pylori eradication therapy. Considering both the cost and the potential for misclassification that may occur using multiple serologic tests, caution is needed in interpreting or extrapolating these findings into a screening strategy.
-
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jul 2006
Comment Letter Biography Historical ArticleSir Richard Doll on chance and genetic susceptibility in carcinogenesis, or, why not all smokers get lung cancer.
-
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jun 2006
Comparative StudyInflammation-related gene polymorphisms and colorectal adenoma.
Chronic inflammation has been reported to be a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia. The propensity to mount an inflammatory response is modified by germ line variation in cytokine and other inflammation-related genes. We hypothesized that a proinflammatory genotype would be positively associated with colorectal adenoma, a precursor of colorectal cancer. ⋯ Homozygous carriers of the IL8 -251-A allele were at 2.7-fold increased risk of adenoma (95% CI, 1.5-4.9) compared with homozygosity for the common T allele, whereas carriage of at least one IL8 -251-A allele conferred a 1.5 increased odds of disease (95% CI, 1.0-2.4). Among non-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users, there was a statistically significant association between the IL10 -819-T/T genotype and adenoma compared with the common IL10 -819-C/C genotype (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1-13.6), which was not evident among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.5; P(interaction) = 0.01). These exploratory data provide evidence that polymorphic variation in genes that regulate inflammation could alter risk for colorectal adenoma.
-
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · May 2006
Review Meta AnalysisBody mass index and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus or gastric cardia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased markedly in recent decades in many countries. Obesity is a potential risk factor, although the results of individual studies differ. We did a systematic review and statistical synthesis of studies that evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma or the adjacent gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. ⋯ Pooled results from observational studies support a positive association between high BMI and the risk for esophageal and possibly for cardia adenocarcinoma.