Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jul 2004
Comparative StudySubsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage distributions among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States, 1995 to 1999.
This study examined subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage distributions for Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) and compared the API data with data for Whites and African Americans. ⋯ The patterns of subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence in API, especially API males, differ from those of Whites and African Americans. Similar to Whites and African Americans, lower percentage of localized disease in API for proximal colon cancer than for distal colon and rectal cancers was also observed.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jul 2004
The characteristics and training of professionals in cancer prevention and control: a survey of theAmerican Society for Preventive Oncology.
To secure continuous stewardship in the field of cancer prevention requires in part training the next generation of scientists and practitioners effectively. We characterized members and meeting registrants of the American Society for Preventive Oncology and assessed their career needs using an electronic survey. From 380 valid email addresses, 233 respondents (61%) included 143 physicians and 81 respondents with other doctorates. ⋯ However, by gender and degree, men were completely supported by institutional funds more often than women among non-medical doctorates [age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-9.8] but not among physicians (age-adjusted OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.5-3.1). Men were also more often in tenure-track positions than women (age-adjusted OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1-3.3). In sum, addressing the career development needs of future leaders in the field by providing career and mentoring sessions at annual meetings may help individuals in the field and enrich the discipline overall.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · May 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialResults of a phase I multiple-dose clinical study of ursodeoxycholic Acid.
The hydrophilic bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), may indirectly protect against colon carcinogenesis by decreasing the overall proportion of the more hydrophobic bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), in aqueous phase stool. In the AOM rat model, treatment with UDCA resulted in a significant decrease in adenoma formation and colorectal cancer. It was hypothesized that there is a dose-response relationship between treatment with the more hydrophilic bile acid, UDCA, and a reduction in the proportion of the more hydrophobic bile acid, DCA, in the aqueous stool phase, suggesting the potential of UDCA as a chemopreventive agent. ⋯ UDCA treatment did not decrease the quantity of DCA in fecal water or solids; however, it did decrease the proportion of DCA in fecal water and solids in relation to UDCA. Thus, 3 weeks of UDCA treatment resulted in an overall increase in hydrophilicity of bile acids in the aqueous phase stool, with a peak effect observed with a daily dose of 600 mg/day. Much larger studies are needed to determine the effect of ursodeoxycholic administration on deoxycholic concentration, overall hydrophilicity of stool bile acids, and the long-term effects on intermediate biomarkers of cellular damage.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Apr 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSoy isoflavones do not modulate prostate-specific antigen concentrations in older men in a randomized controlled trial.
Mortality rates for prostate cancer are low in Asia but high in the West. One explanation is the high level of soy consumption in Asia. Soy isoflavones reduce prostate tumor growth in many, but not all, animal models. ⋯ Serum PSA concentrations increased in both groups over the 12-month intervention, but the changes were similar: Geometric mean PSA concentration increased 0.5% more in the +ISO group than in the -ISO group (P = 0.94; 95% confidence interval = -17.3 to 22.2). The proportion of participants having a serum PSA velocity greater than 1 ng/ml/year was similar in the +ISO and -ISO groups (17.6% versus 12.8%; P = 0.54). We found no evidence that a 12-month 83 mg/day isoflavone treatment alters serum PSA concentration or velocity in seemingly healthy men aged 50-80 years.
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Moderate alcohol intake can influence sex hormone levels and affect ovarian function as well as increasing breast cancer risk. This suggests that alcohol might also influence ovarian cancer risk. We have evaluated this among 696 Australian women with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and 786 cancer-free control women, selected at random from the electoral roll. ⋯ Combining our results with the six previous population-based studies gave a pooled OR of 0.72 (95% CI = 0.54-0.97) for the highest alcohol intake group versus nondrinkers. These data suggest that alcohol does not increase risk of ovarian cancer. In this Australian population, the inverse association with alcohol was due solely to wine consumption and so may be a consequence of antioxidants and/or phytoestrogens in wine rather than the alcohol itself.