Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Oct 1998
Comparative StudyCYP17 genotype and breast cancer risk.
The MspAI polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of CYP17 has been evaluated as a breast cancer risk factor in a hospital-based case-control study in New York City. The study population consisted of 363 women [123 breast cancer patients and 240 patient controls (123 benign breast disease without atypical hyperplasia, 117 women without breast disease)]. There were 224 Caucasians (76 cases, 148 controls), 55 African-Americans (20 cases, 35 controls) and 84 Hispanics (27 cases, 57 controls); 142 premenopausal women and 221 postmenopausal women. ⋯ Clearly this question needs to be resolved in a larger study. No evidence was found to support the contention that inheritance of the minor variant is a predictor of early age at menarche. Allelic frequencies between different ethnic groups were not found to be different with the exception of Hispanic controls, in which the genotypic distribution was not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Sep 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of milk and milk products on rectal mucosal cell proliferation in humans.
Intake of dairy products and major dairy constituents (e.g., calcium) has been proposed to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, although epidemiological studies have yielded inconclusive results. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial to test the effects of high- and low-dairy consumption diets on rectal mucosal proliferation, a possible intermediary marker for large bowel cancer. From a gastroenterology clinic at an academic medical center, we recruited 40 patients, ages 25-79 years, who had either a history of a large bowel adenoma or a first-degree relative with large bowel cancer. ⋯ We found no statistically significant changes in either of these proliferation measures as a result of high or low dairy intake. There was no correlation between the labeling index for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and whole crypt mitotic count; however, measures of the location and intensity of cell proliferation within the rectal crypt were highly correlated between the two assays. Thus, our study indicates that greater consumption of dairy products over a 12-week period does not change rectal mucosal cell proliferation.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Sep 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDesign and baseline characteristics of study participants in the Wheat Bran Fiber trial.
The Wheat Bran Fiber (WBF) trial is a Phase III clinical trial designed to assess the effect of a WBF intervention for 3 years on the recurrence of adenomatous polyps. Men and women, 40-80 years of age, who had removal of one or more colorectal adenoma(s) 3 mm or larger within 3 months prior to study entry were recruited from three sites in the Phoenix metropolitan area. ⋯ Various data and specimens were collected at baseline and throughout the intervention phase, which included dietary intake, physical activity, other risk factor information, blood specimens, rectal biopsies, and polyp tissues. The study design called for a colonoscopy at approximately 1 year after the qualifying colonoscopy; thus, the period between the first year and the final colonoscopy will be used to assess the effect of the intervention, which is expected to be completed in the latter part of 1998.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Aug 1998
Vegetable and fruit consumption and prostate cancer risk: a cohort study in The Netherlands.
The association between 21 vegetables and eight fruits and prostate cancer risk was assessed in the Netherlands Cohort Study among 58,279 men of ages 55-69 years at baseline in 1986. After 6.3 years of follow-up, 610 cases with complete vegetable data and 642 cases with complete fruit data were available for analysis. In multivariate case-cohort analyses, the following rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for vegetable consumption were found (comparing highest versus lowest quintile): total vegetables (RR, 0.80; CI, 0.57-1.12); prepared vegetables (RR, 0.85; CI, 0.61-1.19); and raw vegetables (RR, 0.96; CI, 0.69-1.34). ⋯ Observed positive associations were significant for consumption of leek (RR, 1.38) and oranges (RR, 1.07) and nonsignificant for sweet peppers (RR, 1.60) and mushrooms (RR, 1.49). Results in subgroups of cases were more or less consistent with the overall results. From our study, we cannot conclude that vegetable consumption is important in prostate cancer etiology, but for certain vegetables or fruits, an association cannot be excluded.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Aug 1998
Psychotropic medication use and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Long-term use of psychotropic medication may increase the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer through increased gonadotropin secretion or direct ovarian stimulation of adrenergic receptors, effects which may affect ovarian cancer pathogenesis. An earlier case-control study found that prior use of antidepressants or benzodiazepine tranquilizers was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, that study lacked details on all types of psychotropic medications, length of use, and the categorization of the specific action of these medications on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. ⋯ The association was largely confined to use of medications that operate through dopaminergic mechanisms (OR, 2.9; CI, 1.3-6.4) or gabaergic pathways (OR, 1.5; CI, 0.9-2.5) as opposed to serotoninergic pathways (OR, 1.0; CI, 0.4-2.1). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that psychotropic medications induce gonadotropin secretion, which in turn may increase ovarian cancer risk. However, until other studies confirm our findings and determine whether they apply to medications with specific neuroendocrine actions, it is premature to advise a change in clinical practice and conclude that these medications indeed play a role in the etiology of ovarian cancer.