Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jan 2016
The Role of Stage at Diagnosis in Colorectal Cancer Black-White Survival Disparities: A Counterfactual Causal Inference Approach.
To date, a counterfactual framework has not been used to study determinants of social inequalities in cancer. Considering the case of colorectal cancer, for which racial/ethnic differences in stage at diagnosis and survival are well documented, we quantify the extent to which black versus white survival disparities would be reduced had disparities in stage at diagnosis been eliminated in a large patient population. ⋯ We provide the first evidence in the SEER population that elimination of inequities in stage at diagnosis might lead to larger reductions in survival disparities among elderly and women.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jan 2016
Retracted PublicationConfounding of the Association between Radiation Exposure from CT Scans and Risk of Leukemia and Brain Tumors by Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes.
Recent studies linking radiation exposure from pediatric computed tomography (CT) to increased risks of leukemia and brain tumors lacked data to control for cancer susceptibility syndromes (CSS). These syndromes might be confounders because they are associated with an increased cancer risk and may increase the likelihood of CT scans performed in children. ⋯ Future studies should identify TSC patients in order to avoid overestimation of brain tumor risks due to radiation exposure from CT scans.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Dec 2015
Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure among U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Users: Results from 1999 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.
It has been suggested that smokeless tobacco users have high nicotine and toxicant exposure, but studies with nationally representative data have been limited. ⋯ High exposure to harmful constituents among smokeless tobacco users is a continuing health issue.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Oct 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialImpact of Risk Assessment and Tailored versus Nontailored Risk Information on Colorectal Cancer Testing in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Colorectal cancer screening is effective but underused. Guidelines for which tests are recommended and at what intervals depend on specific risks. We developed a tablet-based Cancer Risk Intake System (CRIS) that asks questions about risk prior to appointments and generates tailored printouts for patients and physicians summarizing and matching risk factors with guideline-based recommendations. ⋯ Asking patients questions about their specific risk factors and giving them and their providers information just prior to an appointment may increase participation in colorectal cancer testing. Tailoring the information has some added benefit.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Aug 2015
Use of common analgesics is not associated with ovarian cancer survival.
Use of analgesics has been associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer, but, to date, very few studies have explored the association between analgesics and ovarian cancer survival. ⋯ Prediagnostic intake of analgesics may not be associated with ovarian cancer outcomes.