American heart journal
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American heart journal · Apr 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudySensitive troponin assays in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: Results from the multicenter rule out myocardial infarction using computer assisted tomography II trial.
Sensitive troponin (Tn) assays have been developed for the evaluation of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We sought to compare the performance of a commercially available sensitive Tn I (sTnI) and precommercial highly sTnI (hsTnI) method to conventional Tn (cTn) assays. ⋯ In patients with acute chest discomfort, use of sTnI and hsTnI methods led to significant improvement in the early diagnostic accuracy for ACS, reclassifying one-third of UAP to myocardial infarction. Very low values for hsTnI excluded underlying coronary artery disease.
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American heart journal · Apr 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyDrug-coated balloons to improve femoropopliteal artery patency: Rationale and design of the LEVANT 2 trial.
Atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease (PAD) is common and results in limitations in quality of life and potential progression to limb loss. Options for therapy include medical therapy, supervised exercise, surgical revascularization, and, more recently, endovascular therapies to restore arterial perfusion to the limb. Endovascular revascularization has evolved over the past 2 decades, from percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to self-expanding stents, atherectomy, laser angioplasty, and drug-eluting stents. Despite impressive technologic advances, PTA remains the standard of care at many institutions and is the recommended primary treatment modality for femoral-popliteal PAD according to current American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association guidelines. However, restenosis after PTA is common. Therefore, a significant clinical need remains for a device that is able to achieve more durable patency than PTA but does not require a permanent implant. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have the potential to address this need. Several randomized controlled clinical trials of PTA balloons coated with different formulations of paclitaxel have been conducted in Europe (N Engl J Med 2008;358:689-699) (Circulation 2008;118:1358-1365) (Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5:831-840) (JACC Cardiovas Interv 2014;7:10-19) and demonstrated more durable efficacy than PTA with comparable safety. These studies were limited by small sample sizes and powered solely for an angiographic primary end point. The pivotal LEVANT 2 trial was designed in collaboration with the US Food and Drug Administration to demonstrate safety and efficacy in a large population and to obtain US Food and Drug Administration approval. ⋯ LEVANT 2 represents the first US-inclusive multicenter, randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel DCB compared with PTA as primary therapy for symptomatic PAD on the background of standard medical therapy.
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American heart journal · Apr 2015
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyComparison of different interdialytic intervals among hemodialysis patients on their echocardiogram-based cardiovascular parameters.
Although cardiovascular events in hemodialysis (HD) patients are the most frequent on the day after a long (2 days) interdialytic interval (IDT), it has been uncertain whether accumulation or elimination of large extracellular fluid volume, electrolyte, and/or uremic substances is the culprit for this. We sought to test our hypothesis that the long IDT alters echocardiographic parameters at rest and during exercise in stable maintenance HD patients compared with other IDTs. ⋯ In a selective Japanese outpatient population on maintenance HD, there were no differences in resting cardiovascular function measured by echocardiography at 3 different IDTs. However, exercise-induced afterload mismatch assessed by the changes in Ea, SV, SW, and SW/PVA efficiency was most pronounced in individuals after the long IDT compared with other IDTs. Our findings report potential pathophysiologic echocardiographic parameters that attempt to explain why cardiovascular events are highest on the day after the long IDT compared to other IDTs in dialysis patients.
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American heart journal · Apr 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyAn open-label, randomized, controlled, multicenter study exploring two treatment strategies of rivaroxaban and a dose-adjusted oral vitamin K antagonist treatment strategy in subjects with atrial fibrillation who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PIONEER AF-PCI).
Guidelines recommendations regarding anticoagulant therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) rely on retrospective, nonrandomized observational data. Currently, patients are treated with triple-therapy (dual antiplatelet therapy [DAPT] + oral anticoagulation therapy), but neither the duration of DAPT nor the level of anticoagulation has been studied in a randomized fashion. Recent studies also suggest dual pathway therapy with clopidogrel plus oral anticoagulation therapy may be superior, and other studies suggest that novel oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban may further improve patient outcomes. ⋯ The PIONEER AF-PCI study is the first randomized comparison of VKA vs novel oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with NVAF receiving antiplatelet therapy after PCI to assess the relative risks of bleeding complications.
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American heart journal · Apr 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialPlatelet aggregation and mental stress induced myocardial ischemia: Results from the Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment (REMIT) study.
Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is common in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and associated with a poorer cardiovascular prognosis. Platelet hyperactivity is an important factor in acute coronary syndrome. This study examined associations between MSIMI and resting and mental stress-induced platelet activity. ⋯ These findings suggest that the dynamic change of platelet aggregation caused by mental stress may underlie MSIMI. While the importance of these findings requires additional investigation, they raise concern given the recognized relationship between mental stress-induced platelet hyperactivity and cardiovascular events in patients with IHD.