The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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Editorial Review Comparative Study
Human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine: a look behind the numbers.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine was licensed in 2006 for prevention of cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers caused by HPV-16 and -18 and genital warts caused by HPV-6 and -11. It is also indicated for prevention of precancerous and dysplastic lesions caused by HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18. ⋯ Careful consideration should be given to these issues by pharmacy and pharmacy professional organizations. To formulate reasonable healthcare guidelines, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals will need to engage policymakers in conversations concerning the vaccine's merits or limitations and the economic impact.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Lack of effect of Ginkgo biloba on voriconazole pharmacokinetics in Chinese volunteers identified as CYP2C19 poor and extensive metabolizers.
Ginkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbal supplements in the world. The supplement has been shown to induce the enzymatic activity of CYP2C19, the main cytochrome P450 isozyme involved in voriconazole metabolism. Because this enzyme exhibits genetic polymorphism, the inductive effect was expected to be modulated by the CYP2C19 metabolizer status. ⋯ The results suggest that 12 days of treatment with Ginkgo biloba did not significantly alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in either CYP2C19 extensive or poor metabolizers. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic interactions between voriconazole and Ginkgo biloba may have limited clinical significance.
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Comparative Study
Conversion from continuous insulin infusions to subcutaneous insulin in critically ill patients.
Continuous insulin infusions have become a standard of care in many intensive care units (ICUs); however, methods for transitioning patients from continuous infusions to other insulin therapies have not been extensively evaluated. ⋯ Methods currently used to transition patients off insulin infusions vary widely. Initial data suggest that utilizing 60-70% of the 24-hour insulin infusion requirement as a subcutaneous dose would result in blood glucose values of 80-150 mg/dL 70% of the time. Further study is necessary to adequately assess the optimal insulin infusion transition protocol for critically ill patients to ensure both safety and efficacy.
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Comparative Study
Effect of "energy drink" consumption on hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in healthy young adults.
Energy drinks are frequently purported to improve cognitive function and concentration. However, the cardiovascular effects of these drinks have not been adequately studied. ⋯ Although no significant ECG changes were observed, HR increased 5-7 beats/min and SBP increased 10 mm Hg after energy drink consumption.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Subcutaneous tramadol infiltration at the wound site versus intravenous administration after pyelolithotomy.
Recently, the peripheral anesthetic effect of tramadol has been the theme of many studies. The postoperative analgesic effects of subcutaneous wound infiltration with tramadol have not been extensively studied and compared with those of intravenous administration. ⋯ Subcutaneous wound infiltration with tramadol reduces postoperative opioid consumption and produces less nausea and vomiting than does intravenous administration.