The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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To report three cases of life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to the oral administration of ciprofloxacin. ⋯ As with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, HIV-infected people treated with ciprofloxacin may be at special risk for hypersensitivity reactions.
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Review
Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care patients: review and commentary.
To evaluate the benefits, risks, and costs of antimicrobial regimens used for selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. ⋯ Additional research is required before SDD regimens can be routinely recommended in surgical and trauma ICU patients. A multicenter study is warranted to determine the long-range benefits, potential for resistance, and cost-effectiveness of SDD.
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To determine the causes and frequency of overdoses associated with the administration of opioid analgesics in hospitalized patients. ⋯ The causes of overdoses are not limited to prescribing and administration errors. Some patients, despite proper execution of appropriate orders, develop a narcotic overdose. Caregivers must be aware of this problem and monitor patients for a decrease in mental status and respiratory rate. In addition, we conclude that an important number of hospitalized patients develop an overdose even though the frequency is low related to the number of patients receiving narcotics.
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To describe propafenone-induced liver injury. ⋯ The occurrence of liver injury secondary to propafenone therapy is rare. Reported cases appear to be secondary to hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, or a combination of the two. In this case, the pattern demonstrated by elevations in liver enzymes may be classified as acute cholestatic liver injury. Because the reported incidence is 0.1-0.2 percent and there are no known fatalities secondary to propafenone liver injury, routine monitoring of liver function tests in all patients receiving propafenone cannot be recommended at this time. Baseline liver function tests prior to initiating propafenone therapy with follow-up laboratory studies one month later are recommended in patients with known liver dysfunction. If elevations are noted, a reduction in dose may result in lower liver enzyme concentrations, although discontinuation of therapy may be required in some cases.
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The primary objectives of this study were to determine how dermatologists currently prescribe isotretinoin and to determine if the potential for adverse effects, especially those affecting the fetus, has influenced dermatologists' prescribing patterns. ⋯ Our results show that there is still a need for emphasizing the limited indications for isotretinoin and a need for effective patient education for women of childbearing potential who may be prescribed this drug.