The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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No previous studies exist examining implementation of an institution-wide guideline and order set for hyperglycemic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA] and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state [HHS]). ⋯ Implementation of an institutional guideline and order set for hyperglycemic emergencies decreased ICU LOS and time to anion gap closure, with no difference in rates of hypoglycemia.
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Acetazolamide is an option for hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, but there are limited reports in children. ⋯ This is the first study to evaluate acetazolamide dosing for metabolic alkalosis in children with and without cardiac disease. Acetazolamide treatment resulted in improved HCO3, but the majority of patients did not achieve our definition of treatment success. Future studies should elucidate the optimal acetazolamide regimen.
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To investigate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and place in therapy of a single application of topical ivermectin 0.5% lotion for head lice treatment. ⋯ Topical ivermectin 0.5% lotion kills head lice by increasing chloride in muscle cells, causing hyperpolarization and paralysis. Only 1 application is required; when the treated eggs hatch, the lice are not viable because they cannot feed as a result of pharyngeal muscle paralysis. Minimal systemic absorption occurs following topical application. Studies have demonstrated that topical ivermectin 0.5% is a safe and efficacious treatment for head lice. Although it has no documented resistance, there is limited clinical experience, it requires a prescription, and it is expensive. Therefore it should be reserved as a third-line treatment for head lice in the United States.
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To systematically evaluate the treatment of ICU delirium. ⋯ There is a lack of evidence supporting pharmacologic treatment for ICU delirium. Prospective, well-designed studies using proper delirium identification tools and severity are necessary to confirm the overall impact of pharmacologic therapy on the duration of delirium and associated complications.
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To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments of Gaucher disease (GD), focusing on the role of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), andsubstrate reduction therapy (SRT). ⋯ There are 4 treatments available for GD1: 3 ERTs and 1 SRT. Miglustat, an SRT, is approved for mild to moderate GD1. ERTs are available for moderate to severe GD1 and can improve quality of life within the first year of treatment. The newest ERT, taliglucerase alfa, is plant-cell derived that can be produced on a large scale at lower cost. Eliglustat tartrate, another SRT, is under phase 3 clinical trials. No drugs have been approved for GD2 or GD3.