The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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Case Reports
Phenobarbital/Lamotrigine coadministration-induced blood dyscrasia in a patient with epilepsy.
To report on a patient with epilepsy who developed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia during phenobarbital/lamotrigine treatment. ⋯ Our patient with epilepsy developed blood dyscrasia during lamotrigine/phenobarbital treatment. Clinicians should carefully monitor hematologic parameters during lamotrigine/phenobarbital treatment.
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To describe 3 episodes of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) overdose in 2 patients and discuss the clinical presentations, outcomes, and therapeutic options. ⋯ In cases of LMWH overdose, observation seems to be appropriate in the absence of clinically significant bleeding. Prolonged monitoring may be necessary for patients with renal failure. Use of protamine or recombinant factor VIIa is not supported by this case series in patients without significant bleeding. There is a lack of data regarding how to treat patients with significant bleeding.
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To report a case of increased aripiprazole concentrations during coadministration with darunavir, ritonavir, and duloxetine. ⋯ The interaction between aripiprazole and darunavir, ritonavir, and duloxetine may be significant. Clinicians should be cognizant of increased risk of aripiprazole toxicity in HIV-positive patients concurrently taking ritonavir-boosted ART and other cytochrome P450 inhibitors like duloxetine. Dose adjustments or monitoring parameters should be an area of research and discussion.
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The initial management of patients with septic shock appears to be critical in terms of determining outcome; a standardized systematic approach for the management of patients with severe infections appears to consistently improve the delivery of recommended therapies and, as a result, may improve patient outcomes. With minimal-to-no risk or acquisition costs, severe sepsis bundle implementation should become the standard of care for the management of septic shock. ⋯ Bundle implementation should change clinical practice by including surveillance, feedback reporting, and staff education to organize the target interventions into packages that must be implemented in strict compliance, for every patient, to ensure uniformity and provide practical applicability. Quality improvement via utilization of protocols can be achieved, regardless of institution size or academic status, and should continue to be promoted in the intensive care unit setting.
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Medication discrepancies, defined as unexplained variations among drug regimens at care transitions, are common. Some are unintended and cause reconciliation errors that are potentially detrimental for patients. ⋯ Medication reconciliation strategies should focus primarily on avoiding errors at discharge. Since medication discrepancies at admission may predispose patients to reconciliation errors, early detection of such discrepancies would logically reduce the risk of reconciliation errors. Medication reconciliation programs must implement a process for gathering accurate preadmission drug histories and must submit this information to a critical assessment of patients' needs.