Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
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Although new human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can occur at all ages, the age at which women acquire their "causal" HPV infection that develops into cervical cancer is poorly understood and practically unobservable. We aimed to estimate the age distribution at which individuals acquired their causal HPV infection in the absence of HPV vaccination or screening to help guide the optimal use of both. ⋯ Although new HPV infections and precancers can occur throughout a woman's lifetime, only a small proportion are acquired in mid-adult women and are vaccine-preventable. Our simulations highlight the potential limitations of using surrogate endpoints for vaccine efficacy studies of mid-adult women to guide policy decisions for implementation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Immunogenicity of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Older Adults With and Without Comorbidities in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA).
In the randomized controlled Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA), the efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against first episodes of vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia in adults aged ≥65 years was 46%. The long-term immunogenicity of PCV13 in pneumococcal vaccine-naive older adults was investigated as part of CAPiTA. ⋯ NCT00744263.
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A total 130 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus were identified during a large hospital outbreak in Saudi Arabia; 87 patients and 43 healthcare workers. The majority (80%) of transmission was healthcare-acquired (HAI) infection, with 4 generations of HAI transmission. The emergency department was the main location of exposure.
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Clinical Trial
Reduction in Blood Culture Contamination Through Use of Initial Specimen Diversion Device.
Blood culture contamination is a clinically significant problem that results in patient harm and excess cost. ⋯ NCT02102087.