Internal medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Abacavir/lamivudine versus tenofovir/emtricitabine with atazanavir/ritonavir for treatment-naive Japanese patients with HIV-1 infection: a randomized multicenter trial.
To compare the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) and tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with HIV-1 infection. ⋯ Although insufficiently powered to show non-inferiority of viral efficacy of ABC/3TC relative to TDF/FTC, this pilot trial suggested that ABC/3TC with ATV/r is a safe and efficacious initial regimen for HLA-B*5701-negative patients, such as the Japanese population.
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Review Case Reports
Clostridium difficile infection associated with antituberculous agents in a patient with tuberculous pericarditis.
Clostridium difficile can cause pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). Antimicrobial agent exposure is a risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated disease, whereas the use of antituberculous (anti-TB) agents is not. We herein report a case of PMC-associated with antituberculous therapy. ⋯ The anti-TB agents were discontinued, and the patient was treated with metronidazole and clostridium butyricum. Her symptoms were relieved and did not recur when the anti-TB agents were restarted. In this report, we review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this case.
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Review Case Reports
Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with multiple thin-walled pulmonary cysts: a case report and review of the literature.
We herein report a rare case of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (p-MALT) lymphoma with multiple cystic lesions. A previously healthy 58-year-old Japanese woman visited our hospital for an evaluation of abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) findings. ⋯ She has not received any chemotherapy and has been stable for two years. This case suggests that, although rare, the possibility of p-MALT lymphoma should be considered in patients with multiple cystic lung diseases.
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Review Case Reports
Rifampicin-induced acute kidney injury during the initial treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and literature review.
A 47-year-old man diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis was referred to our hospital. Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were administered, and the patient's symptoms promptly improved. On the 19th hospital day, he developed acute kidney injury with a fever and chills. ⋯ We herein report this case and review eight cases reported in Japan. We found that the rifampicin toxicity appeared at both the initial administration and readministration. All eight patients presented with proteinuria.