Lupus
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This concise review summarizes the role of reduced ANXA5 expression through carriage of the M2/ANXA5 haplotype as a predisposing factor for various thrombophilia related obstetric complications. A revised ANXA5 'protective shield' model is emphasized, where decreased coverage resulting of M2 carriage at placental villi could lead directly to the observed pathology and on the other hand through exposing of antiphospholipid antigenic determinants, to the development of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). ⋯ Available and prospective evidence for this revised model is discussed. Conclusions are made about the diagnostic implications of M2 carriage and possible therapeutic strategies with anticoagulants, proven successful in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) treatment.
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To study circulating platelet, monocyte and endothelial microparticles (PMPs, MMPs and EMPs) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in comparison with healthy controls. ⋯ We observed a high number of EMPs expressing TF in APS patients. The numbers of MMPs and total EMPs were also higher as compared with healthy controls but in contrast to previous reports, the number of PMPs did not differ between groups.
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Patients with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have in common: a) clinical evidence of multiple organ involvement developing over a very short period of time; b) histopathological evidence of multiple small vessel occlusions, and c) laboratory confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), usually in high titre. Although patients with catastrophic APS represent less than 1% of all patients with APS, they are usually in a life-threatening situation. The rarity of this syndrome makes it extraordinarily difficult to study in any systematic way. ⋯ Currently, it documents the clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data of more than 400 patients and can be consulted through Internet at www.med.ub.es/MIMMUN/FORUM/CAPS. HTM. The analysis of this registry has allowed the characterization of the clinical and laboratory features of the catastrophic APS as well as the establishment of preliminary criteria for its classification and guidelines for its management.