Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR
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J Intellect Disabil Res · Mar 2004
Effectiveness of immediate verbal feedback on trainer behaviour during communication training with individuals with intellectual disability.
The effect of immediate verbal feedback on trainer behaviour during communication training sessions with individuals with intellectual disability (ID) was assessed. Trainers were six undergraduate university students majoring in psychology. The procedure consisted of interrupting the sequence of trials of training by the supervisor and then giving brief corrective feedback. ⋯ Data were collected in a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design. Results indicated a statistically significant increase of the percentage correct trainer behaviour as compared to the baseline phase. Maintenance of effect of feedback was recorded during post-training and follow-up.
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J Intellect Disabil Res · Mar 2004
Burnout in direct care staff in intellectual disability services: a factor analytic study of the Maslach Burnout Inventory.
There is gathering research interest in the well-being of staff working in services for people with intellectual disability (ID), including the assessment of burnout and its correlates. However, no previous studies have considered the applicability of the main three dimensions of burnout to staff in ID services. ⋯ The original three MBI dimensions were found to be highly relevant to the present sample of staff. The analyses support the construct validity and reliability of the MBI for staff in ID services.
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J Intellect Disabil Res · Feb 2004
Sex differences in performance over 7 years on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised among adults with intellectual disability.
The aim of this study was to explore changes related to sex differences on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R) subtest performance over a 7-year interval in middle-aged adults with intellectual disability (ID). Cognitive sex differences have been extensively studied in the general population, but there are few reports concerning individuals with ID. Sex differences are of current relevance to actively debated issues such as cognitive changes during menopause and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Given that hormonal effects on cognition have been observed in the general population, particularly in areas such as visuospatial processing, and individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) have been reported to be hormonally and reproductively atypical, we analysed our data to allow for the possibility of an aetiology-specific profile of sex differences for these adults. ⋯ This study supports the presence of cognitive sex differences in the population with ID as indicated by female superiority on the WISC-R coding subtest. Extending this observation to adults with ID has implications for explanations of female advantage on this task, which now have to account for its presence among individuals with a broader range of intellectual capabilities, more atypical developmental histories and more varied genotypes than previously considered. Trends towards sex by aetiology interactions on the two visuoconstructive subtests, while marginal, were sufficient to warrant continued consideration of the idea of a distinct profile of sex differences for adults with DS and to justify looking at the effects of sex separately within different aetiologies of ID.
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J Intellect Disabil Res · Sep 2003
Case ReportsDelirium in adults with intellectual disabilities and DC-LD.
No systematic studies of delirium in adults with intellectual disabilities have been reported. Reasons for the absence of research are discussed. ⋯ DC-LD offers a diagnostic framework that permits comparison with premorbid cognitive function.
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J Intellect Disabil Res · Oct 1999
Sleep and behaviour disturbance in Prader-Willi syndrome: a questionnaire study.
The present authors describe sleep problems, including sleep apnoea and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), in subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The present paper reports a questionnaire study regarding sleep and behaviour in a group of 29 subjects with PWS, compared with an age- and gender-matched control group. Those with PWS suffered from sleep problems more frequently than the control subjects. ⋯ Sleep problems in PWS were not associated with body mass index or weight. Excessive daytime sleepiness was a distinctive feature of the group with PWS, and behavioural disturbance in PWS children and adolescents was associated with EDS. Excessive daytime sleepiness seems to be characteristic of PWS, and may be related to problems with the sleep-wake cycle and hypothalamic dysfunction.